Unveiling ochratoxin A and ochratoxigenic fungi in Brazilian artisanal Cheeses: Insights from production to consumption.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxin produced by several Aspergillus species, mainly those belonging to section Circumdati and section Nigri. The presence of OTA in cheese has been reported recently in cave cheese in Italy. As artisanal cheese production in Brazil has increased, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of ochratoxin A and related fungi in artisanal cheese consumed in Brazil.

Insights on the Extraction and Analysis of Phenolic Compounds from Citrus Fruits: Green Perspectives and Current Status.

Citrus fruits (CF) are highly consumed worldwide, fresh, processed, or prepared as juices and pies. To illustrate the high economic importance of CF, the global production of these commodities in 2021 was around 98 million tons. CF's composition is considered an excellent source of phenolic compounds (PC) as they have a large amount and variety.

Integration of pressurized liquid extraction and in-line solid-phase extraction to simultaneously extract and concentrate phenolic compounds from lemon peel (Citrus limon L.).

This work aimed to develop an integrated method to extract and fractionate phenolic compounds from lemon (Citrus limon L.) peel by in-line coupling pressurized liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction (PLE-SPE). The effect of the adsorbent used in the SPE (Sepra™ C18-E, Sepra™ NH, and PoraPak Rxn), the combination of organic extraction-elution solvents (water-ethanol and water-ethyl lactate), extraction temperature (40-80 °C), and extraction water pH (4.

Evaluation of oscillometric blood pressure measurement devices available for online sale.

Objectives: to characterize oscillometric blood pressure measurement devices for sale in the virtual market and identify which ones have undergone a validation study.

Methods: this was a cross sectional study. The search for devices for sale was conducted on websites, and the sample was composed of 137 devices obtained from 644 ads.

A network-based positive and unlabeled learning approach for fake news detection.

Fake news can rapidly spread through internet users and can deceive a large audience. Due to those characteristics, they can have a direct impact on political and economic events. Machine Learning approaches have been used to assist fake news identification.

Recent advances and trends in extraction techniques to recover polyphenols compounds from apple by-products.

Apple is one of the most consumed fruits worldwide and has recognized nutritional properties. Besides being consumed fresh, it is the raw material for several food products, whose production chain generates a considerable amount of by-products that currently have an underestimated use. These by-products are a rich source of chemical compounds with several potential applications.

Comprehensive analysis of phenolic compounds from natural products: Integrating sample preparation and analysis.

The comprehensive analysis of phenolic compounds from natural products comprises critical steps, including quantitative extraction, extract preparation, and chromatographic procedure. Performing these steps off-line requires a long time to obtain results, besides being laborious and more error-prone. This work discusses the concept and presents the details of assembling and validating a new system to comprehensively analyze phenolic compounds in natural products.

Comparing the interaction of the antibiotic levofloxacin with zwitterionic and anionic membranes: Calorimetry, fluorescence, and spin label studies.

The present work compares the interaction of the antibiotic levofloxacin (LVX) with zwitterionic and anionic liposomes composed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DPPG), respectively. By using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and with spin labels incorporated into liposomes at two different depths of the bilayers, we investigated the changes induced on the membrane by increasing concentrations of LVX. Further information was obtained using intrinsic LVX fluorescence.

Simultaneous extraction and separation of compounds from mate () leaves by pressurized liquid extraction coupled with solid-phase extraction and in-line UV detection.

The in-line coupling of the pressurized liquid extraction with a solid-phase adsorbent and a UV-Vis detector for the simultaneous extraction and separation of bioactive compounds from yerba mate (PLE-SPE-UV) was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, water was used as a solvent, while in the second stage, ethanol was used. For the optimization of the method, different adsorbents (Sepra C18-E, Isolute C18-EC, and Strata-X C18), temperatures (40-80 °C), solvent flow-rate (1-3 mL/min), and pH (4.

Characterization of pomegranate peel extracts obtained using different solvents and their effects on cell cycle and apoptosis in leukemia cells.

Pomegranate (.) has been used in traditional herbal medicine by several cultures as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and for treatment and prevention of cancer and other diseases. Different parts of the fruit, extraction methods, and solvents can define the chemical profile of the obtained extracts and their biological activities.

Extraction of Flavonoids From Natural Sources Using Modern Techniques.

Flavonoids are one of the main groups of polyphenols found in natural products. Traditional flavonoid extraction techniques are being replaced by advanced techniques to reduce energy and solvent consumption, increase efficiency and selectivity, to meet increased market demand and environmental regulations. Advanced technologies, such as microwaves, ultrasound, pressurized liquids, supercritical fluids, and electric fields, are alternatives currently being used.

Heme on Pulmonary Malaria: Friend or Foe?

Malaria is a hemolytic disease that, in severe cases, can compromise multiple organs. Pulmonary distress is a common symptom observed in severe malaria caused by or . However, biological components involved in the development of lung malaria are poorly studied.

A high salt diet induces tubular damage associated with a pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic response in a hypertension-independent manner.

High salt diet (HSD), considered a public health problem worldwide, is associated with chronic degenerative diseases including renal diseases. However, little is known about the effects of HSD on renal function independently of the development of hypertension. To address the hypothesis that HSD induces renal injuries even without changes in blood pressure, BALB/c mice were fed for 7 days with chow with a high salt content (0.

Resistance training decreases matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity in quadriceps tendon in a rat model of osteoarthritis.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that induces peri-articular tissue degradation. OA induces an imbalance between synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix components in favor of catabolic events, promoting pathological remodeling and involving degradative enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 8-weeks resistance training (RT) on MMP-2 activity in the quadriceps tendon and patellar tendon in an OA model.

IL-4 Receptor α Chain Protects the Kidney Against Tubule-Interstitial Injury Induced by Albumin Overload.

Increasing evidence has highlighted the role of tubule-interstitial injury (TII) as a vital step in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI). Incomplete repair of TII during AKI could lead to the development of chronic kidney disease. Changes in albumin endocytosis in proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) is linked to the development of TII.

Simultaneous extraction and separation of bioactive compounds from apple pomace using pressurized liquids coupled on-line with solid-phase extraction.

The objective of this work was the development of an on-line extraction/fractionation method based on the coupling of pressurized liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction for the separation of phenolic compounds from apple pomace. Several variables of the process were evaluated, including the amount of water of the first stage (0-120 mL), temperature (60-80 °C), solid-phase extraction adsorbent (Sepra, Isolute, Strata X and Oasis) and activation/elution solvent (methanol and ethanol). The best results were observed with the adsorbent Sepra.

Extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) with pressurized liquids assisted by ultrasound combined with an expansion gas.

In this study it is proposed the introduction of an expansion gas in high pressure water to maximize the cavitation caused by the application of ultrasound to improve the extraction of phenolic compounds from pomegranate peel. Different combinations of ultrasound power (US-Pwr), expansion gas initial pressure (N-Pi), system pressure (SP) and particle size of sample were evaluated using water as solvent. The use of US-Pwr and N-Pi individually or combined improved the extraction process proving higher yields.

The angiotensin II/AT1 receptor pathway mediates malaria-induced acute kidney injury.

Malaria-induced acute kidney injury (MAKI) is a life-threatening complication of severe malaria. Here, we investigated the potential role of the angiotensin II (Ang II)/AT1 receptor pathway in the development of MAKI. We used C57BL/6 mice infected by Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA-infected mice), a well-known murine model of severe malaria.

Combining pressurized liquids with ultrasound to improve the extraction of phenolic compounds from pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.).

The combination of ultrasound and pressurized liquid extraction (UAPLE) was evaluated for the extraction of phenolic compounds from pomegranate peels (Punica granatum L.). The influence of several variables of the process on extraction yield, including solvent type (water, ethanol + water 30, 50 and 70% v:v), temperature (50-100 °C), ultrasound power (0-800 W at the generator, or 0-38.

LPS Induces mTORC1 and mTORC2 Activation During Monocyte Adhesion.

Monocyte adhesion is a crucial step in transmigration and can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, we studied the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, and PKC in this process. We used THP-1 cells, a human monocytic cell line, to investigate monocyte adhesion under static and flow conditions.

Relationship between rearfoot, tibia and femur kinematics in runners with and without patellofemoral pain.

Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is the most common running overuse injury. Excessive rearfoot eversion is commonly considered as a PFP risk factor and the relationship between ankle-foot complex movement and lower limb may be involved with this dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between rearfoot eversion with tibia and femur kinematics in frontal and transverse planes during running in individuals with and without PFP.

Therapeutic effect of Lipoxin A in malaria-induced acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) models are characterized by neutrophil accumulation, tissue damage, alteration of the alveolar capillary membrane, and physiological dysfunction. Lipoxin A  (LXA ) is an anti-inflammatory eicosanoid that was demonstrated to attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI. Experimental models of severe malaria can be associated with lung injury.

Endothelial-Leukocyte Interaction in Severe Malaria: Beyond the Brain.

Malaria is the most important parasitic disease worldwide, accounting for 1 million deaths each year. Severe malaria is a systemic illness characterized by dysfunction of brain tissue and of one or more peripheral organs as lungs and kidney. The most severe and most studied form of malaria is associated with cerebral complications due to capillary congestion and the adhesion of infected erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes to brain vasculature.