A rare case of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with Cowden syndrome: Association or coincidence?

Cowden Syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene, often presenting a challenging diagnosis due to its diverse clinical manifestations. Although extensively linked to several types of cancer, the precise association between CS and oral malignancies, particularly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), remains poorly understood. This report describes a unique case of late diagnosis of CS in a 53-year-old female patient who later developed SCC in the inferior alveolar ridge, even without exposure to classic risk factors.