Aging with long-term physical disability: Cohort analysis of survey sample in the U.S.

Background: Chronic health conditions, secondary conditions, and decreasing functional ability related to aging and/or changes in underlying impairment may influence participation for persons aging with long-term physical disability (AwD).

Objective: To examine sample integrity and baseline findings through exploration of associations of sociodemographic, health, and disability factors with social participation for persons AwD.

Methods: This is a longitudinal cohort study following persons AwD over three years, reporting baseline cohort study data.

COVID-19: Factors Predicting Depressive Symptoms in People Aging With Long-Term Physical Disabilities.

The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may be greater than that of the viral infection. This impact is likely greater for disadvantaged groups such as people with long-term physical disabilities (PwLTPD). This cross-sectional study used a multiple linear regression model to examine factors associated with depressive symptoms and to understand their relative importance during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sociodemographic Differences in Respondent Preferences for Survey Formats: Sampling Bias and Potential Threats to External Validity.

Objective: To explore sampling bias as a result of survey format selection by examining associations between characteristics of people aging with long-term physical disability (PAwLTPD) and their preferences for phone or web-based survey format.

Design: A cross-sectional study using a secondary data analysis approach.

Setting: Data were from an ongoing longitudinal cohort study conducted in the community.

Factors influencing participation among adults aging with long-term physical disability.

Background: People aging with long-term physical disability (AwPD) experience barriers to participation and independent living. There are currently limited evidence-based interventions that address issues regarding participation for people AwPD.

Objective: This study examined factors influencing participation in personal and life activities among people AwPD to inform future interventions.

Development and implementation of a community-based research network.

Introduction: People aging with long-term physical disabilities (PAwLTPD), meaning individuals with onset of disability from birth through midlife, often require long-term support services (LTSS) to remain independence. The LTSS system is fragmented into aging and disability organizations with little communication between them. In addition, there are currently no evidence-based LTSS-type programs listed on the Administration for Community Living website that have been demonstrated to be effective for PAwLTPD.

A Mobile App Directory of Occupational Therapists Who Provide Home Modifications: Development and Preliminary Usability Evaluation.

Background: Home modifications provided by occupational therapists (OTs) are effective in improving daily activity performance and reducing fall risk among community-dwelling older adults. However, the prevalence of home modification is low. One reason is the lack of a centralized database of OTs who provide home modifications.

Examination of Community Participation of Adults With Disabilities: Comparing Age and Disability Onset.

Explore community participation between adults with disabilities ⩽50 and >50 years and between early-(⩽40) and late-(>40) onset disability. A survey examining participation was conducted with a national convenience sample of 692 community-dwelling adults with disabilities. Participants ⩽50 reported presence of more ( < .

Effect of a Novel Transition Program on Disability After Stroke: A Trial Protocol.

Importance: A gap in care for stroke survivors exists at the point of transition from inpatient rehabilitation to home, when survivors encounter new environmental barriers because of the cognitive and sensorimotor sequelae of stroke. Resolving these barriers and improving independence in the community have the potential to significantly improve stroke survivors' long-term morbidity.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of a novel enhanced rehabilitation transition program to reduce environmental barriers and improve daily activity performance and community participation among stroke survivors.

Scoring, Clinical Utility, and Psychometric Properties of the In-Home Medication Management Performance Evaluation (HOME-Rx).

Importance: Forty percent to 75% of community-dwelling older adults are not able to adhere to their medication routine. A medication management assessment can correctly identify the reasons for nonadherence and the barriers contributing to it.

Objective: To further develop the HOME-Rx, an in-home medication management assessment, by modifying scoring metrics, improving clinical utility, and establishing psychometric properties.

Feasibility of a Novel Intervention to Improve Participation after Stroke.

Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of serious, long-term disability in the US. With shorter inpatient hospital stays, more time in rehabilitation is devoted to medical stabilization and less on skills to regain independence in daily activities. The transition home may be an opportunity for intervention focused on regaining independence.

Evidence to Improve Physical Activity among Medically Underserved Older adults: A Scoping Review.

Background And Objectives: Participation in leisure physical activity (PA) and engagement in PA interventions among older adults is influenced by socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity, and environment. However, studies of PA for medically underserved older adults have not yet been systematically evaluated. The objective of this study is to map the nature and extent of research conducted on PA participation, interventions, and components of effective leisure PA programs for medically underserved older adults.

Feasibility Trial of Tailored Home Modifications: Process Outcomes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a process evaluation to examine the implementation of a randomized controlled trial of home modifications designed to reduce the risk of falls and improve daily activity performance among community-dwelling older adults.

Method: A process evaluation was conducted alongside a blinded, randomized sham-controlled trial (n = 92). Participants were followed for 1 yr after intervention.

In-Home Medication Management Performance Evaluation (HOME-Rx): A Validity Study.

Objective: This study assessed the initial psychometric properties of a novel in-home, performance-based instrument for older adults called the In-Home Medication Management Performance Evaluation (HOME-Rx).

Method: Content validity of the HOME-Rx was determined through the multistep content validity index (CVI) process. Content experts provided qualitative and quantitative judgment of the instrument's ability to measure medication management.

Protocol for the home hazards removal program (HARP) study: a pragmatic, randomized clinical trial and implementation study.

Background: Falls remain the leading cause of injury, long-term disability, premature institutionalization, and injury-related mortality in the older adult population. Home modifications, when delivered by occupational therapists, can reduce falls among high-risk community-dwelling older adults by 39%. However, home-modification implementation is not standard practice in the United States.

Effect of Home Modification Interventions on the Participation of Community-Dwelling Adults With Health Conditions: A Systematic Review.

Objective: This systematic review investigated the role of home modification interventions to improve participation outcomes for community-living adults and older adults.

Method: Thirty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies investigated older adult populations and used occupational therapists as interventionists.

In-Home Occupational Performance Evaluation for Providing Assistance (I-HOPE Assist): An Assessment for Informal Caregivers.

Home modification interventions have the potential to provide support to informal caregivers; however, the impact of these interventions on caregivers is understudied, and adequate assessments are lacking. This study describes the development and preliminary psychometric properties of a performance-based assessment that identifies environmental barriers to performance of daily caregiving activities. An existing assessment of person-environment fit was modified using key informant interviews and was administered to 31 informal caregivers.

Clinical Reasoning Guideline for Home Modification Interventions.

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a clinical reasoning tool to describe an occupational therapist's clinical reasoning process while delivering home modification interventions.

Method: We used a two-phase, mixed-methods approach. In Phase 1, we developed a personal factors guideline to support clinical reasoning in home modification interventions based on in-depth interviews, a focus group, and field observations of 6 home modification experts.