Aplospojaveedins A-C, unusual sulfur-containing alkaloids produced by the endophytic fungus using OSMAC strategy.

Three sulfur-containing alkaloids aplospojaveedins A-C (1-3) with a hitherto undescribed carbon skeleton comprising octahy-dronaphthalene, , -unsaturated lactam and glycine-cysteine moieties were isolated from . Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, HR-MS, X-ray diffraction analysis, DFT-NMR and TDDFT-ECD calculations. A plausible biosynthetic pathway and putative targets are described.

Colletodiol derivatives of the endophytic fungus Trichocladium sp.

The OSMAC (one strain many compounds) concept is a cultivation-based approach to increase the diversity of secondary metabolites in microorganisms. In this study, we applied the OSMAC-approach to the endophytic fungus Trichocladium sp. by supplementation of the cultivation medium with 2.

Caryophyllene-type sesquiterpenes from the endophytic fungus through an OSMAC approach.

Two new caryophyllene-type sesquiterpenes pestalotiopsins U and V ( and ) and three known compounds pestalotiopsin B (), pestaloporinate B (), and pestalotiopsin C () were isolated by the cultivation of the endophytic fungus on solid rice medium, while four additional new caryophyllene pestalotiopsins W-Z (-) were obtained when 3.5% NaI was added to the fungal culture medium. The structures of the new compounds were determined by HRESIMS and 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance data.

In Vitro Biological Activity of Natural Products from the Endophytic Fungus against .

is an apicomplexan pathogen able to infect a wide range of warm-blooded animals, including humans, leading to toxoplasmosis. Current treatments for toxoplasmosis are associated with severe side-effects and a lack efficacy to eradicate chronic infection. Thus, there is an urgent need for developing novel, highly efficient agents against toxoplasmosis with low toxicity.

The Mycotoxin Beauvericin Exhibits Immunostimulatory Effects on Dendritic Cells Activating the TLR4 Signaling Pathway.

Beauvericin (BEA), a mycotoxin of the enniatin family produced by various toxigenic fungi, has been attributed multiple biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial functions. However, effects of BEA on dendritic cells remain unknown so far. Here, we identified effects of BEA on murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-cultured bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Polyketides from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus falconensis: In silico and in vitro cytotoxicity studies.

Fermentation of the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus falconensis, isolated from sediment collected from the Red Sea, Egypt on solid rice medium containing 3.5% NaCl yielded a new dibenzoxepin derivative (1) and a new natural isocoumarin (2) along with six known compounds (3-8). Changes in the metabolic profile of the fungus were induced by replacing NaCl with 3.

Azacoccones F-H, new flavipin-derived alkaloids from an endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum MK214079.

Three new flavipin-derived alkaloids, azacoccones F-H (1-3), along with six known compounds (4-9) were isolated from the endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum MK214079 associated with leaves of Salix sp. The structures of the new compounds were established by analysis of their 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) data. The absolute configuration of azacoccones F-H (1-3) was determined by comparison of experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data with reported ones and biogenetic considerations.

Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungi from China.

Marine-derived fungi play an important role in the search for structurally unique secondary metabolites, some of which show promising pharmacological activities that make them useful leads for drug discovery. Marine natural product research in China in general has made enormous progress in the last two decades as described in this chapter on fungal metabolites. This contribution covers 613 new natural products reported from 2001 to 2017 from marine-derived fungi obtained from algae, sponges, corals, and other marine organisms from Chinese waters.

Didymellanosine, a new decahydrofluorene analogue, and ascolactone C from sp. IEA-3B.1, an endophyte of .

Didymellanosine (1), the first analogue of the decahydrofluorene-class of natural products bearing a 13-membered macrocyclic alkaloid conjugated with adenosine, and a new benzolactone derivative, ascolactone C (4) along with eight known compounds (2, 3, 5-10), were isolated from a solid rice fermentation of the endophytic fungus sp. IEA-3B.1 derived from the host plant .

The tetrahydroxanthone-dimer phomoxanthone A is a strong inducer of apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant solid cancer cells.

Platinum compounds are the first-line therapy for many types of cancer. However, drug resistance has frequently been reported for and is a major limitation of platinum-based chemotherapy in the clinic. In the current study, we examined the anti-tumor activity of phomoxanthone A (PXA), a tetrahydroxanthone dimer isolated from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis longicolla, in several solid cancer cell lines and their cisplatin-resistant sub-cell lines.

Brominated Azaphilones from the Sponge-Associated Fungus Strain 4.14.6a.

The fungus was isolated from the inner tissue of the Mediterranian sponge . Fermentation of the fungus on solid rice medium yielded one new chlorinated diphenyl ether () and 13 known compounds (-). Addition of 5% NaBr to the rice medium increased the amounts of -, while lowering the amounts of , , and .

Cryptic Secondary Metabolites from the Sponge-Associated Fungus .

The fungus was isolated from the Mediterranean sponge . The initial fermentation of the fungus on solid rice medium yielded 16 known compounds (⁻). The addition of several inorganic salts to the rice medium mainly influenced the accumulation of these secondary metabolites.

The mycotoxin phomoxanthone A disturbs the form and function of the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Mitochondria are cellular organelles with crucial functions in the generation and distribution of ATP, the buffering of cytosolic Ca and the initiation of apoptosis. Compounds that interfere with these functions are termed mitochondrial toxins, many of which are derived from microbes, such as antimycin A, oligomycin A, and ionomycin. Here, we identify the mycotoxin phomoxanthone A (PXA), derived from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis longicolla, as a mitochondrial toxin.

Phomoxanthone A--From Mangrove Forests to Anticancer Therapy.

Mangrove associated endophytes are treasure chests for bioprospecting especially in light of the need for new anticancer leads that are necessary to overcome drug resistance of cancer cells. This review highlights the potent anti-tumour compound phomoxanthone A (PXA), which represents a tetrahydroxanthone atropisomer derived from the mangrove-associated fungus Phomopsis longicolla. PXA displayed strong anti-tumour activity when tested against a panel of solid (including cisplatin resistant) tumour cell lines or of blood cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the submicromolar range whereas it was up to 100 folds less active against peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors.