Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Pakistani Patients With Acne Vulgaris.

Introduction Adolescents with acne vulgaris, a prevalent dermatological condition, have a significant prevalence of anxiety and depression, which can have negative effects on their quality of life. Objectives The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of anxiety and depression in Pakistani patients with acne vulgaris. Methods This six-month cohort study was conducted at Chaudhry Muhammad Akram Teaching and Research Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, involving 250 acne vulgaris patients (aged 16-40) and 200 age- and sex-matched controls.

Economic evaluation of the effect of needle and syringe programs on skin, soft tissue, and vascular infections in people who inject drugs: a microsimulation modelling approach.

Background: Needle and syringe programs (NSP) are effective harm-reduction strategies against HIV and hepatitis C. Although skin, soft tissue, and vascular infections (SSTVI) are the most common morbidities in people who inject drugs (PWID), the extent to which NSP are clinically and cost-effective in relation to SSTVI in PWID remains unclear. The objective of this study was to model the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of NSP with respect to treatment of SSTVI in PWID.

Synthesis of tricyclic and tetracyclic benzo[6,7]cycloheptane derivatives linked morpholine moiety as CDK2 inhibitors.

With the aim of developing cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitors with strong antibreast cancer efficacy, new tricyclic and tetracyclic benzo[6,7]cycloheptane derivatives were synthesized. The newly synthesized tri- and tetracyclic derivatives were achieved from the reaction of 4-(4-morpholin-4-yl-phenyl)-1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-d]pyrimidine-2-thione (5) with α-haloketone derivatives as hydrazonyl chlorides, phenacyl bromide derivatives, chloroacetone, and ethyl substituted acetate derivatives. The MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were utilized to examine the anticancer properties.

Novel 6,7,8-trihydrobenzo[6',7']cyclohepta[2',1'-e]pyrazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidine derivatives as Topo IIα inhibitors with potential cytotoxic activity.

Novel tetracyclic pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives; namely benzo[3,4]cyclohepta[1,2-e]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-amines 6a-e and benzo[3,4]cyclohepta[1,2-e]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2(6H)-ones 15a-d, were designed and synthesized as topoisomerase IIα inhibitors with potential anticancer activity. The structure and their mechanistic pathway were discussed and confirmed based on spectral data and DFT calculations. Compounds 6a, 6c, 15b, 15c and 15d exhibited potent Topo II inhibitory activity at one-digit IC values (2.

Discovery of new pyrimido[5,4-c]quinolines as potential antiproliferative agents with multitarget actions: Rapid synthesis, docking, and ADME studies.

A novel series of pyrimido[5,4-c]quinoline derivatives variously substituted at positions 2 and 5 have been synthesized, in good to excellent yields, via rapid base-catalyzed cyclization reaction of 2,4-dichloroquinoline-3-carbonitrile (5) with guanidine hydrochlorides 6a-c. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antiproliferative activity. The most active hybrids 26a-d, 28a-d, and 30B were assessed against topoisomerase (topo) I, topo IIα, CDK2, and EGFR.

Feasibility of a Portable Electronic Nose for Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Sudan.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is increasing at an alarming rate particularly in low-income countries. This urges for research into noninvasive, user-friendly diagnostic tools that can be used in limited-resource settings. This study aims to test and validate the feasibility of e-nose technology for detecting OSCC in the limited-resource settings of the Sudanese population.

Mobile health technologies supporting colonoscopy preparation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) technologies are innovative solutions for delivering instructions to patients preparing for colonoscopy.

Objective: To systematically review the literature evaluating the effectiveness of mHealth technologies supporting colonoscopy preparation on patient and clinical outcomes.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness of mHealth technologies for colonoscopy preparation on patient and clinical outcomes.

Advancements in the synthesis of fused tetracyclic quinoline derivatives.

Fused tetracyclic systems containing a quinoline nucleus represent an important class of heterocyclic bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals because of their significant and wide-spectrum biological properties. Several of these compounds have been obtained with diverse pharmacological and biological activities, such as antiplasmodial, antifungal, antibacterial, potent antiparasitic, antiproliferative, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. This information will be beneficial for medicinal chemists in the field of drug discovery to design and synthesize new fused tetracyclic quinolines as potent therapeutical agents.

Laparoscopic-endoscopic cooperative surgery for early gastric cancer with gastroesophageal varices.

This report describes a patient with early gastric cancer with gastroesophageal varices who underwent laparoscopic-endoscopic cooperative surgery. The patient, a 75-year-old woman, was referred to our hospital for the treatment of gastric cancer. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a superficial spreading-type tumor on the posterior wall of the upper third of the stomach that was very close to the gastric varices.

Oral leukoplakia in the Sudan: clinicopathological features and risk factors.

Objectives: To analyse the clinical and histopathological features of oral leukoplakia (OL) in the Sudan, and to identify the risk factors associated with dysplastic and malignant changes.

Methods: Records of 117 cases with the diagnosis of OL at the Department of Oral Pathology in the period from 2010 to 2017 were reviewed.

Results: Of the 117 cases included in this study, 30 cases (25.

A Novel Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyridines by a One-Pot, Three-Component Tandem Reaction of Aldehydes, Malononitrile and N-Alkyl-2-cyanoacetamides under Microwave Irradiation.

A convenient, fast and environmentally benign procedure for the synthesis of a new series of highly functionalized -alkylated pyridines as privileged medicinal scaffolds was developed via a unique three-component reaction of easily available aromatic as well as heteroaromatic aldehydes, -alkyl-2-cyanoacetamides and malononitrile in EtOH in the presence of K₂CO₃ as a base promoter under microwave irradiation. The presented tandem process is presumed to proceed via Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition, intramolecular cyclization, autoxidation and subsequent aromatization. Particularly valuable features of this protocol, including high product yields, mild conditions, atom-efficiency, simple execution, short reaction times and easy purification make it a highly efficient and promising synthetic strategy to prepare substituted pyridine nuclei.

Naphthyridines part 4: unprecedented synthesis of polyfunctionally substituted benzo[c][2,7]naphthyridines and benzo[c]pyrimido[4,5,6-ij][2,7]naphthyridines with structural analogy to pyrido[4,3,2-mn]acridines present in the marine tetracyclic pyridoacridine alkaloids.

An easy, efficient and one-step synthesis of the versatile, hitherto unreported of polyfunctionally substituted benzo[c][2,7]naphthyridines 4a-c is described. The reaction of 4a-c with sodium azide gives the corresponding tetracyclic ring system 6a-c in near quantitative yield, and with phenyl isothiocyanate it gives the corresponding novel 3-alkyl-2-oxo-6-phenyl-5-thioxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[c]pyrimido[4,5,6-ij][2,7]naphthyridine-1-carbonitriles 8a-c. Refluxing compound 4a, with alkyl amines 9a-d for 2-3 h furnished 3-alkyl-5-alkylamino-4-amino-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[c][2,7]naphthyridine-1-carbonitriles 10a-d, as stable crystalline solids.

Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of new azo dyes derived from 3-ethylthio-5-cyanomethyl-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole.

New 1,2,4-triazole colorants were obtained, in high yields, by coupling 3-ethylthio-5-cyanomethyl-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole (1) with diazotized aniline derivatives 2, 4 and 6. The azo dyes prepared in this work may exist in three tautomeric forms. We found that the tautomerism is influenced mainly by the nature of substituent at the para position of the aniline coupling component.

Enaminonitriles in heterocyclic synthesis: a route to 1,3-diaryl-4-aminopyrazole derivatives.

Benzylcyanide and 4-nitrobenzylcyanide condensed with triethyl orthoformate and piperidine or morpholine to yield 2-aryl-2-piperidinyl or 2-morpholinylacrylonitriles. These coupled with aromatic diazonium salts to yield the 2-arylhydrazno-2-arylethane nitriles in good yields. The latter were converted into 4-aminopyrazoles in good yields using the Thorpe-Ziegler cyclization.

Studies with azinylacetonitriles: 2-pyridylacetonitrile as a precursor to functionally substituted pyridines.

2-Pyridylacetonitrile (1) couples with aromatic diazonium salts to yield arylhydrazones 2a-c, that were shown to exist in the syn-form 2 rather than the anti-form 4. Compounds 2a,c reacted with hydroxylamine in refluxing DMF to yield the interesting 1,2,3-triazolylpyridines 6. Attempts to cyclize 2 to give the corresponding fused pyrazolopyridines 9 failed.

Synthesis with nitriles: synthesis of some new mercaptopyridazine, mercaptopyridazino[1,6-a]quinazoline and thiophene derivatives.

2-(1-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-thiocyanatoethylidene)malononitrile (3) undergoes azo coupling with diazotized aromatic amines to afford arylhydrazone derivatives, which are readily cyclized to afford the corresponding 3(2H)-pyridazinimine derivatives upon reflux in aqueous NaOH. Under similar condition an o-cyanoarylhydrazone derivative was cyclized into 6H-pyridazino[1,6-a]quinazolin-6-imine, which in turn was easily transformed into 6H-pyridazino[1,6-a]quinazolin-6-one on reflux in ethanolic/HCl. Compound 3 afforded substituted 5-acetylthiophene derivatives upon reflux in AcOH/HCl mixtures.