Quantitative and equipment-free paper-based agglutination assay of bacterial cells.

: point-of-care (POC) tests are useful for bedside/home applications, emergencies, frequent follow-ups, and resource-limited areas. Limited quantitative and equipment-free POC assays have been reported. This study aims to develop, validate, and apply a simple, quantitative, paper-based POC assay.

Development of Novel Paper-Based Assay for Direct Serum Separation.

: Many conventional laboratory tests require serum separation using a clot activator/gel tube, followed by centrifugation in an equipped laboratory. The aim of this study is development of novel, equipment-free, paper-based assay for direct and efficient serum separation. : Fresh blood was directly applied to wax-channeled filter paper treated with clotting activator/s and then observed for serum separation.