Controlling the Subcellular Localization of Signaling Proteins Using Chemically Induced Dimerization and Optogenetics.

A given protein can perform numerous roles in a cell with its participation in protein complexes and distinct localization within the cell playing a critical role in its diverse functions. Thus, the ability to artificially dimerize proteins and recruit proteins to specific locations in a cell has become a powerful tool for the investigation of protein function and the understanding of cell biology. Here, we discuss two systems that have been used to activate signal transduction pathways, a chemically inducible dimerization (CID) and a light-inducible (LI) system to control signaling and cytoskeletal regulation in a spatial and temporal manner.

Anti-biofilm effects of gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized by the Rhodiola rosea rhizome extracts.

Bacterial biofilm represents a major problem in medicine. They colonize and damage medical devices and implants and, in many cases, foster development of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Biofilm development starts by bacterial attachment to the surface and the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).