The profile of refractory chronic cluster headache.

Introduction: Chronic cluster headache (CCH) is a relatively rare primary headache disorder whose management is often challenging. The prevalence of refractory CCH (rCCH) is unknown. Our aim is to describe the frequency of rCCH within a population of CCH, define the clinical profile of the refractory patients and the treatments they underwent.

Clinical predictors of therapeutic failure of occipital nerve stimulation in refractory chronic cluster headache.

Background: Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) is a treatment with evidence in refractory chronic cluster headache (CCH). However, the variable response rate and cost make it necessary to investigate predictors of response.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted through the review of medical records of CCH patients from six hospitals in Madrid.

Real-world experience of OnabotulinumtoxinA treatment in female patients with chronic migraine: a qualitative study using in-depth interviews.

Background: Chronic migraine (CM) causes great disability and affects an individual's quality of life. OnabotulinumtoxinA (OBT-A, Botox®) was the first prophylactic treatment specifically indicated for CM. The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of women with CM treated with OBT-A.

Epicranial headaches part 2: Nummular headache and epicrania fugax.

Background: Nummular headache and epicrania fugax are two primary headaches that fall under the heading of epicranial headaches.

Methods: This article reviews the epidemiological and clinical features of nummular headache and epicrania fugax, proposed pathogenic mechanisms and state-of-the-art management, according to the literature.

Results And Conclusions: Nummular headache and epicrania fugax are generally viewed as rare headache disorders, but no population-based epidemiological data are available.

Sensory processing and adaptive behavior in Phelan-McDermid syndrome: a cross-sectional study.

Unlabelled: Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation or deletion of the SHANK3 gene (chromosome 22q13.3), characterized by different sensory processing anomalies. The objective of this study is to expand and provide a detailed definition of the sensory profile of patients with PMS.

Epidaily, a scale for comprehensive functional assessment of patients with epilepsy.

Objective: To develop and validate an epilepsy-specific scale for comprehensive functional assessment of patients with epilepsy, named Epidaily.

Methods: The multidisciplinary research group created through brainstorming a list of 47 items to explore the cognitive, social, basic and instrumental functionality of the patient. A group of epilepsy experts independent of the research group evaluated the suitability of all the items, which then were selected and reviewed by the research group to conform the Epidaily scale.

Therapy delay in status epilepticus extends its duration and worsens its prognosis.

Background: Timing in status epilepticus (SE) attention is probably the most relevant modifiable prognostic factor and may influence SE duration and prognosis. We aimed to describe the precise relationship between management timing, duration, and prognosis of SE.

Methods: Observational longitudinal prospective study on a cohort of all patients diagnosed with SE admitted to our tertiary hospital from September 2017 to August 2019, with a 3-month follow-up.

The Day My Life Changed: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Patients With New Daily Persistent Headache.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the views and experiences of a group of Spanish patients suffering from new daily persistent headache (NDPH).

Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted with patients diagnosed with NDPH. Purposeful sampling was performed among patients attending a specialized Headache Unit at 2 university hospitals between February 2017 and December 2018.

Patients' knowledge on epilepsy and SUDEP improves after a semi-structured health interview.

Background: Patients' education is the most relevant contributor to patient self-management of epilepsy. We aimed to assess the acquisition of knowledge after a semi-structured interview.

Methods: We performed a quasi-experimental prospective study with a cohort of patients with epilepsy admitted for prolonged video electroencephalogram (VEEG).

Paroxysmal pressing headache: A new short-lasting headache.

Introduction: In this report we describe a series of patients with a previously undescribed headache.

Methods: Over a 4-year period, we recruited 14 patients with a distinctive type of head pain of unknown cause that did not meet diagnostic criteria for other primary headaches.

Results: Nine women and five men with a mean age of 49.

OnabotulinumtoxinA injections for atypical odontalgia: an open-label study on nine patients.

Background: Atypical odontalgia (AO) manifests as continuous pain in the region of one or several teeth, in the absence of signs of dental pathology. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to establish treatment guidelines for AO. The aim of this study was to describe the effectiveness and safety of treatment with OnabotulinumtoxinA (OnabotA) on a series of patients with AO.

The relevance of timing in nonconvulsive status epilepticus: A series of 38 cases.

Background: Timing in the management of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) seems to be one of the most important modifiable prognostic factors. We aimed to determine the precise relationship between timing in NCSE management and its outcome.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in which clinical data were prospectively obtained from all consecutive adults with NCSE admitted to our hospital from 2014 to 2016.

Supratrochlear Neuralgia: A Prospective Case Series of 15 Patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe clinical features unique to supratrochlear neuralgia.

Background: The supratrochlear nerve supplies the medial aspect of the forehead. Due to the intricate relationship between supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves, neuralgic pain in this region has been traditionally attributed to supraorbital neuralgia.

Case report: Wallenberg's syndrome, a possible cause of symptomatic epicrania fugax.

Background Epicrania fugax has been described as a primary headache. Nevertheless, a symptomatic form was recently found in a patient with a skull base meningioma abutting the trigeminal nerve. Here we report on a patient with facial pain with the features of epicrania fugax occurring after Wallenberg's syndrome.

Infratrochlear neuralgia: A prospective series of seven patients treated with infratrochlear nerve blocks.

Background Infratrochlear neuralgia is a recently described painful cranial neuropathy that causes pain in the internal angle of the orbit and the medial upper eyelid, the upper bridge of the nose and/or the lacrimal caruncle. We aim to present seven new cases of infratrochlear neuralgia treated with anaesthetic nerve blocks. Methods Over an 18-month period, we prospectively identified seven cases of infratrochlear neuralgia among the patients attending the Headache Unit in a tertiary hospital.

Lacrimal Nerve Blocks for Three New Cases of Lacrimal Neuralgia.

Objective: Our aim was to report three new cases of lacrimal neuralgia and their response to superficial nerve blocks.

Background: Lacrimal neuralgia has been recently described as a pain in the territory supplied by the lacrimal nerve, at the lateral upper eyelid and/or the adjacent area of the temple. The pain is typically accompanied by tenderness on palpation of the lacrimal nerve at the superoexternal angle of the orbit.

Facial epicrania fugax: A prospective series of eight new cases.

Introduction Epicrania fugax (EF) is a primary headache whose main feature is the dynamic character of the pain. EF pain typically moves across different dermatomes in a linear or zigzag trajectory. Recently, a facial variant of EF has been described, with the pain starting in the lower face and radiating upwards.

Botulinum Neurotoxin Type-A for the Treatment of Atypical Odontalgia.

Objective: Atypical odontalgia (AO), a subform of persistent idiopathic facial pain, is defined as a continuous toothache in which a thorough examination reveals no dental pathology. AO is believed to be a neuropathic condition, given that some cases are preceded by dental procedures. Different topical and systemic medications have been used for the treatment of AO, but their effect is often unsatisfactory.

Case report: Epicranial pain after radiotherapy for skull base meningioma - the first symptomatic epicrania fugax?

Background: To date, no symptomatic forms of epicrania fugax (EF) have been reported. Here, we describe the first EF-type pain to be probably caused by an underlying disorder.

Case Report: A 77-year-old woman started suffering from left V1-V2 trigeminal neuralgia at 72 years of age.

Safety of intra-cerebrospinal fluid chemotherapy in onco-haematological patients: a retrospective analysis of 627 interventions.

Intra-cerebrospinal fluid chemotherapy (ICC) is used widely to treat or prevent neoplastic meningitis (NM), although its safety has not been thoroughly assessed. We aimed to analyse the incidence, severity and cause of the adverse reactions provoked by ICC in a cohort of onco-haematological patients. We retrospectively reviewed all the adverse reactions related to ICC procedures performed by the same researcher over a 5-year period.

External Nasal Neuralgia: A Neuropathic Pain Within the Territory of the External Nasal Nerve.

Background: Nasal pain is a challenging diagnosis and very little has been reported in the neurological literature. The nose is a sophisticated structure regarding its innervation, which is supplied by the first and second divisions of the trigeminal nerve. Painful cranial neuropathies are an important group in the differential diagnosis, although they have been described only scarcely.

Greater Occipital Nerve Blockade: A Safe and Effective Option for the Acute Treatment of Hemiplegic Aura.

Background: Prolonged auras such as those of hemiplegic migraine or migraine with brainstem aura may be extremely disabling. The availability of effective treatments is limited, but two case reports described cessation of the aura symptoms after a greater occipital nerve (GON) blockade.

Case: A 26-year-old woman with a history of hemiplegic migraine with prolonged auras came to our office with an episode of motor and sensory aura 1 hour after onset.