End-proximal tubule phosphate concentration increases as GFR falls in humans: measurement by means of a lithium clearance-based methodology.

Background: Microscopic nephrocalcinosis secondary to intratubular calcium phosphate (CaP) precipitation is thought to accelerate progression to end-stage renal failure in chronic kidney diseases. In phosphorus (P)-loaded uninephrectomized rats, intratubular CaP crystal formation and progressive tubular damage occurred when end-proximal tubule P concentration (ePTpc) increased above a threshold level.

Methods: We have calculated ePTpc in humans by urine P and creatinine concentration, with the end-proximal tubule fluid volume calculated either as lithium (Li) clearance (ePTpc-Li) or as a fixed 0.

An enigmatic case of IgG4-related nephropathy and an updated review of the literature.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is still an underestimated disorder which affects multiple organs, and its recognition as a distinct clinical disease has been only proved in the recent decades. The renal involvement has been documented in approximately 15% of patients with IgG4-RD, and the typical manifestation is a tubulo-interstitial nephritis. The main histological findings in IgG4-RD are typically a dense tissue infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells, storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, and frequently elevated IgG4 serum levels.

Single Session and Weekly Beta 2-Microglobulin Removal with Different Dialytic Procedures: Comparison between High-Flux Standard Bicarbonate Hemodialysis, Post-Dilution Hemodiafiltration, Short Frequent Hemodialysis with NxStage Technology and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis.

Background: NxStage System One cycler (NSO) is a widespread system for home daily dialysis. Few data are available on the impact of this "low dialysate volumes system" on the removal rate of poorly diffusible, time-dependent solutes like β2-microglobulin (β2M).

Methods: Single-session and weekly balances of β2M were performed and compared in 12 patients on daily NSO, 13 patients on standard high-flux bicarbonate dialysis (BHD), 5 patients on standard post-dilution on line hemodiafiltration (HDF), and 13 patients on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD).

Renal Transplants from Older Deceased Donors: Use of Preimplantation Biopsy and Differential Allocation to Dual or Single Kidney Transplant according to Histological Score Has No Advantages over Allocation to Single Kidney Transplant by Simple Clinical Indication.

Background: Grafts from elderly donors (ECD) are increasingly allocated to single (SKT) or dual (DKT) kidney transplantation according to biopsy score. Indications and benefits of either procedure lack universal agreement.

Methods: A total of 302 ECD-transplants in period from Jan 1, 2000, to Dec 31, 2015, were allocated to SKT (SKT) on clinical grounds alone (before Dec 2010, pre-DKT era, = 170) or according to a clinical-histological protocol (after Dec 2010, DKT era, = 132) to DKT ( = 48), SKT biopsy-based protocol ("high-risk", SKT, = 51), or SKT clinically based protocol ("low-risk", SKT, = 33).

Oxaliplatin Immune-Induced Syndrome Occurs With Cumulative Administration and Rechallenge: Single Institution Series and Systematic Review Study.

Oxaliplatin immune-induced syndrome (OIIS) is an uncommon, potentially life-threatening, side effect associated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. The present study reports 5 original cases of OIIS and systematically reviewed the available published cases. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical archives of the Niguarda Cancer Center from 2009 to 2015 and conducted a search for OIIS using the PubMed database, followed by deeper investigation of the references of the recorded studies.

Chronic hypercalcaemia from inactivating mutations of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1): implications for mineral metabolism changes in chronic renal failure.

Background: Loss-of-function mutations of vitamin D-24 hydroxylase have recently been recognized as a cause of hypercalcaemia and nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis in infants and adults. True prevalence and natural history of this condition are still to be defined.

Methods: We describe two adult patients with homozygous mutations and six related heterozygous carriers.

Interventions for treating sexual dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Sexual dysfunction is very common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but it is still significantly understudied. Treatment options exist but concerns have been raised relating to their efficacy and safety in CKD.

Objectives: We assessed the benefits and harms of existing interventions for treatment of sexual dysfunction in patients with CKD.

Prevalence and correlates of self-reported sexual dysfunction in CKD: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: Sexual dysfunction is an under-recognized problem in men and women with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence, correlates, and predictors of this condition in patients with CKD have not been evaluated comprehensively.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Treatment options for sexual dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Objectives: Sexual dysfunction is very common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but treatment options are limited. The benefits and harms of existing interventions for treatment of sexual dysfunction were assessed in patients with CKD.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: MEDLINE (1966 to December 2008), EMBASE (1980 to December 2008), and the Cochrane Trial Registry (Issue 4 2008) were searched for parallel and crossover randomized and quasi-randomized trials.

Persistent renal hypertrophy and faster decline of glomerular filtration rate precede the development of microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes.

Soon after the onset of type 1 diabetes, renal hypertrophy and hyperfiltration become manifest, particularly among patients who will subsequently develop diabetic nephropathy. Whether these early renal dysfunctions are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is currently unclear. We evaluated, during the same day, kidney volume and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in 146 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal renal function.

Antihypertensive agents in patients with diabetes: trade-off between renal and cardiovascular protection.

Purpose: Management of hypertension in patients with diabetes should address both renal and cardiovascular protection. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) for control of hypertension in patients with diabetic nephropathy is widely advocated by various international guidelines. Use of any agent that provides tight control of blood pressure is indicated in patients with diabetes but without nephropathy.