Recent Advances in the Use of Green Corrosion Inhibitors to Prevent Chloride-Induced Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete.

Inhibitors for the prevention of corrosion in reinforced concrete are chemical substances able to reduce carbon steel reinforcements corrosion without altering the overall properties of concrete. Today, many commercially available substances have a negative impact on human safety during either the inhibitor synthesis, their handling or application in field. Green corrosion inhibitors are nontoxic, biodegradable and environmentally biocompatible substances.

The Improvement of Durability of Reinforced Concretes for Sustainable Structures: A Review on Different Approaches.

The topic of sustainability of reinforced concrete structures is strictly related with their durability in aggressive environments. In particular, at equal environmental impact, the higher the durability of construction materials, the higher the sustainability. The present review deals with the possible strategies aimed at producing sustainable and durable reinforced concrete structures in different environments.

Multi-angle color prediction of glossy anodized titanium samples through the determination of the oxide layer structural parameters.

The purpose of the present study is to predict the whole chromatic path traveled by the colors of glossy anodized titanium samples in every specular geometry. It is based on measurements of the samples' reflectance spectra in a limited number of specular geometries, which allow us to obtain the oxide layer structural parameters (thickness, refractive index), which are then put into an optical model to predict the samples' reflectance spectra in every specular geometry. A good color prediction performance is obtained, with an average color distance over all samples and geometries of 1.

Magnetically Recoverable TiO/SiO/γ-FeO/rGO Composite with Significantly Enhanced UV-Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity.

In this paper, we report the preparation of a new composite (TiO/SiO/γ-FeO/rGO) with a high photocatalytic efficiency. The properties of the composite were examined by different analyses, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), photoluminescence (PL), UV-Visible light diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), and nitrogen gas physisorption (BET) studies. The photocatalytic efficiency of the proposed composite was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue under UV and visible light, and the results were compared with titanium dioxide (TiO), where degradation increased from 30% to 84% and 4% to 66% under UV and visible light, respectively.

Heterostructured TiO/SiO/γ-FeO/rGO Coating with Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Induced Self-Cleaning Properties for Metallic Artifacts.

A novel nanohybrid composite of TiO, SiO, γ-FeO, and reduced graphene oxide (TiO@Si:Fe:rGO) is fabricated by the sol-gel method. The properties of the coated film were examined by structural and self-cleaning analyses using simulated discoloration/soiling and roofing tests. The fabricated transparent TiO@Si:Fe:rGO composite showed excellent photoactivity and wettability, behaving well in self-cleaning applications.

Effect of environmental conditions on the durability of polycarbonate for the protection of cultural heritage sites.

Polycarbonate is a good material for covering and protecting cultural heritage sites because of its durability, mechanical properties, and transparency. However, polycarbonate degrades under environmental weathering with a significant decrease of physical and mechanical properties and loss of transparency. In this work, the contemporary presence of ultraviolet irradiation and different temperature and moisture conditions have been taken into account to study the environmental degradation of this polymer with regard to its mechanical and optical properties.

Photocatalytic Activity of Nanotubular TiO₂ Films Obtained by Anodic Oxidation: A Comparison in Gas and Liquid Phase.

The availability of immobilized nanostructured photocatalysts is of great importance in the purification of both polluted air and liquids (e.g., industrial wastewaters).

Corrosion of titanium: Part 2: Effects of surface treatments.

Titanium is well known as one of the most corrosion-resistant metals. However, it can suffer corrosion attacks in some specific aggressive conditions. To further increase its corrosion resistance, it is possible either to modify its surface, tuning either thickness, composition, morphology or structure of the oxide that spontaneously forms on the metal, or to modify its bulk composition.

Corrosion of titanium: Part 1: aggressive environments and main forms of degradation.

Titanium has outstanding corrosion resistance due to the external natural oxide protective layer formed when it is exposed to an aerated environment. Despite this, titanium may suffer different forms of corrosion in severe environments: uniform corrosion, pitting and crevice corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, stress-corrosion cracking, fretting corrosion and erosion. In this first review, forms of corrosion affecting titanium are analyzed based on a wide literature review.

Electrochemical anodizing treatment to enhance localized corrosion resistance of pure titanium.

Background: Titanium has outstanding corrosion resistance due to the thin protective oxide layer that is formed on its surface. Nevertheless, in harsh and severe environments, pure titanium may suffer localized corrosion. In those conditions, costly titanium alloys containing palladium, nickel and molybdenum are used.

Anodic oxidation as a means to produce memristive films.

Purpose: In the past few years there has been growing interest in memristive devices. These devices rely on thin metal oxide films with a peculiar structure and composition, making precise control of oxide features vital. To this end, anodic oxidation allows a very large range of oxides to be formed on the surface of valve metals, whose thickness, structure and functional properties depend on the process parameters introduced.

Anodic oxidation of titanium: from technical aspects to biomedical applications.

Titanium biomaterials are widely employed to produce medical components, such as hip and knee-joint prostheses, bone plates and screws, dental implants, pacemaker cases, surgical equipment, etc. Their diffusion is ascribed to the broad spectrum of optimal mechanical and surface properties, such as the corrosion resistance and correlated low ionic release, the biocompatibility, and especially, the enhanced osseointegration that can be achieved by surface modifications, particularly by suitable anodizing treatments. This review is intended to provide a survey of the wide class of anodic oxidation treatments on titanium, focusing on the oxide structures, morphologies, and compositions that best apply to the variegated fields of titanium applications.

Mechanical characterization of an innovative dental implant system.

Purpose: The research presented is aimed at the characterization of the mechanical resistance of an innovative system of an abutment-fixture connection in dental implants. This innovative connection system is composed of a triangular prismatic connection designed to improve the anti-rotational properties of the implant, and to seal any gap between the abutment and the fixture.

Methods: The mechanical performances of the dental implant system were investigated by means of static mechanical strength tests, which allowed the identification of the bending, torque and compression resistance of the system, and fatigue testing, according to the practice standard - ISO 14801.