XIII International Conference on Kangaroo Mother Care - Different opinions, experiences and related KMC issues: Good practices, stabilisation concept, nutrition and basic respiratory support.

Aim: This study aimed to summarise the views and experiences of the participants in the workshop of the XIII International Conference on Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC).

Methods: The results of the discussions held during the workshop of the XIII International Conference on KMC were summarised. There were 152 participants from 47 countries.

Human Milk Antioxidative Modifications in Mastitis: Further Beneficial Effects of Cranberry Supplementation.

Mastitis is the inflammation of one or several mammal lobes which can be accompanied by a mammary gland infection, and is the leading cause of undesired early weaning in humans. However, little information exists regarding the changes that this disease may induce in the biochemical composition of human milk, especially in terms of oxidative status. Given that newborns are subject to a significant increase in total ROS burden in their transition to neonatal life and that their antioxidant defense system is not completely developed, the aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant defense (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), total polyphenol content (TPP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) in milk samples from mothers suffering from mastitis and controls.

Good practices in perinatal care and breastfeeding protection during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a national situation analysis among BFHI maternity hospitals in Spain.

Background: Although the positive effects of good clinical quality standards in perinatal care and breastfeeding support for women, newborns and families have been already demonstrated, many of these practices were disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal care and breastfeeding support practices offered by the Spanish maternity hospitals committed to the UNICEF Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), to women with and without COVID-19.

Methods: Implementation of perinatal practices was assessed by a cross-sectional survey conducted in May 2020 using an online questionnaire.

Maternal and Infant Outcomes Associated with Maternity Practices Related to COVID-19: The COVID Mothers Study.

Maternity care practices such as skin-to-skin care, rooming-in, and direct breastfeeding are recommended, but it is unclear if these practices increase the risk of clinically significant COVID-19 in newborns, and if disruption of these practices adversely affects breastfeeding. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 357 mothers and their infants <12 months who had confirmed or suspected COVID-19. Subjects came from an anonymous worldwide online survey between May 4 and September 30, 2020, who were recruited through social media, support groups, and health care providers.

Human milk microbiota in sub-acute lactational mastitis induces inflammation and undergoes changes in composition, diversity and load.

Sub-acute mastitis (SAM) is a prevalent disease among lactating women, being one of the main reasons for early weaning. Although the etiology and diagnosis of acute mastitis (AM) is well established, little is known about the underlying mechanisms causing SAM. We collected human milk samples from healthy and SAM-suffering mothers, during the course of mastitis and after symptoms disappeared.

ABM Clinical Protocol #7: Model Maternity Policy Supportive of Breastfeeding.

A central goal of The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.

The Baby-Friendly Initiative in Spain: A Challenging Pathway.

The Baby-Friendly Initiative (BFI-Spain) was founded in 1995 by members of key professional associations (pediatricians, midwives, obstetricians, and nurses) and some mother-to-mother support groups. The United Nations International Children's Fund was instrumental in supporting the establishment of BFI-Spain as a not-for-profit organization. In 2007, the need for change was identified.

ESPGHAN's 2008 recommendation for early introduction of complementary foods: how good is the evidence?

Since 2002, the World Health Organization and many governments and professional associations have recommended exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months followed by complementary feeding (giving solid foods alongside breast milk) as optimal infant feeding practice. Several articles have been published challenging this recommendation. Arguably, the most influential has been the 2008 commentary of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition, which recommended that complementary foods should be introduced to all infants between 17 and 26 weeks.

A breastfeeding e-learning project based on a web forum.

Objective: The Internet has introduced new ways of learning that may complement medical training during the residency period. We describe the experience with a new method of e-learning for training in human lactation and breastfeeding counselling. Pediatric residents participated in the Human Lactation Forum maintained by the Spanish Pediatric Association Breastfeeding Committee, a site on the Internet where parents may write in for pediatric advice on breastfeeding.