[Listeriosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Spain. Three new cases and literature review].

Introduction: Listeriosis has been considered infrequent among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Only a limited number of listeriosis cases among HIV-infected patients have been published in Spain, where the prevalence of HIV infection is relatively high. We present our experience in this field and provide a review of the reported cases in our country.

Assessment of adherence to triple antiretroviral treatment including indinavir: role of the determination of plasma levels of indinavir.

Objective: To assess the contribution of the determination of concentrations of indinavir (IND) in plasma to the assessment of self-reported adherence and keeping of appointments to withdraw drugs from the hospital pharmacy.

Patients And Methods: Adherence was assessed using three criteria: questionnaires, punctuality at appointments to withdraw drugs, and plasma concentrations of IND. Blood samples were obtained from 106 HIV-infected patients who had been receiving IND in combination with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for longer than 6 months.

[Assessment of adherence to antiretroviral: role of determination of plasma levels of non nucleosides anologues].

Background And Objective: Our purpose was to assess the contribution of efavirenz and nevirapine plasma concentrations in the assessment of self-reported adherence and punctuality of appointments to take the drugs.

Patients And Method: Adherence was assessed using questionnaires and plasma concentrations of efavirenz and nevirapine were determined. Patients received efavirenz or nevirapine in combination with two nucleotides reverse transcriptase inhibitors.