Transcriptional and biochemical changes in mouse liver following exposure to a metal/drug cocktail. Attenuating effect of a selenium-enriched diet.

Real-life pollution usually involves simultaneous co-exposure to different chemicals. Metals and drugs are frequently and abundantly released into the environment, where they interact and bioaccumulate. Few studies analyze potential interactions between metals and pharmaceuticals in these mixtures, although their joint effects cannot be inferred from their individual properties.

Proteomic analysis of the hepatic response to a pollutant mixture in mice. The protective action of selenium.

Metals and pharmaceuticals contaminate water and food worldwide, forming mixtures where they can interact to enhance their individual toxicity. Here we use a shotgun proteomic approach to evaluate the toxicity of a pollutant mixture (PM) of metals (As, Cd, Hg) and pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, flumequine) on mice liver proteostasis. These pollutants are abundant in the environment, accumulate in the food chain, and are toxic to humans primarily through oxidative damage.

A selenium-enriched diet helps to recover liver function after antibiotic administration in mice.

Antibiotic (Abx) treatments or inadvertent exposure to Abx-contaminated food and water can adversely affect health. Many studies show strong correlations between Abx and liver damage pointing to gut dysbiosis as a contributing factor because the gut microbiota (GM) forms a complex network with liver. Selenium (Se) is a beneficial micronutrient able to shape the composition of the GM.

Proteomic profile and protease activity in the skin mucus of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) infected with the ectoparasite Neobenedenia girellae - An immunological approach.

Skin mucus is considered the first barrier against diseases in fish. The skin mucus protein profile of the greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) and its changes due to experimental infection with Neobenedenia girellae were studied by combining 2-DE-MS/MS and gel-free LC-MS/MS proteomic approaches. The 2-DE results led to the identification of 69 and 55 proteins in noninfected and infected fish, respectively, and revealed that keratins were specifically cleaved in parasitized fish.

Dietary administration of the probiotic Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 promotes transcriptional changes of genes involved in growth and immunity in Solea senegalensis larvae.

Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) has been proposed as a high-potential species for aquaculture diversification in Southern Europe. It has been demonstrated that a proper feeding regimen during the first life stages influences larval growth and survival, as well as fry and juvenile quality. The bacterial strain Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 (SpPdp11) has shown very good probiotic properties in Senegalese sole, but information is scarce about its effect in the earliest stages of sole development.

Proteomic profile of the skin mucus of farmed gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata).

Unlabelled: Fish skin mucus is the first line of defense against infections and it discriminates between pathogenic and commensal bacterial strains. Mucus composition varies amongst fish species and is influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors. This study describes the first proteome map of the epidermal mucus of farmed gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata).

The environmental quality of Doñana surrounding areas affects the immune transcriptional profile of inhabitant crayfish Procambarus clarkii.

This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes in Procambarus clarkii crayfish collected from locations of different environmental qualities in the Doñana National Park surrounding areas. The pollution sustained by the crayfish was confirmed by their hepatopancreatic metal concentration. We generated forward and reverse libraries by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to analyze the transcriptional profiles of crayfish from moderately and highly polluted zones in comparison with the control site within the Doñana Biological Reserve.

Proteomics in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells with stably silenced expression of PRDX1.

Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) is a member of the peroxiredoxin family. Aberrant expression of PRDX1 has been described in various cancers. We investigated the significance of this up-regulation in non-challenged hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) cells by establishing a HepG2 cell line stably expressing a Prdx1 shRNA.

Identification of proteins containing redox-sensitive thiols after PRDX1, PRDX3 and GCLC silencing and/or glucose oxidase treatment in Hepa 1-6 cells.

The oxidation and reduction of cysteine thiols are thought to be a major mechanism for redox regulation. The aim of this study was to identify proteins with reactive thiols and determine their oxidation profiles under oxidative stress induced by simultaneous silencing of antioxidant defences (peroxiredoxin-1, peroxiredoxin-3, and the catalytic subunit of the glutamate-cysteine ligase), and/or treatment with glucose oxidase (GO). Using an approach that combined the labelling of reversibly oxidised cysteines, 2-DE protein separation and MS analysis, we identified 26 proteins with cysteines prone to reversible oxidation belonging to different functional classes.

Immune- and stress-related transcriptomic responses of Solea senegalensis stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and copper sulphate using heterologous cDNA microarrays.

The sole, Solea senegalensis, is a common flatfish of Atlantic and Mediterranean waters with a high potential for aquaculture. However, its cultivation is hampered by high sensitivity to different stresses and several infectious diseases. Improving protection from pathogens and stressors is thus a key step in reaching a standardized production.

Solea senegalensis genes responding to lipopolysaccharide and copper sulphate challenges: large-scale identification by suppression subtractive hybridization and absolute quantification of transcriptional profiles by real-time RT-PCR.

Solea senegalensis is a commercially relevant aquaculture species that remains largely unexplored at the genomic level. The aim of this study was to identify novel genomic responses to lipopolysaccharide and copper sulphate challenges using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and real-time RT-PCR. Forward- and reverse-subtractive libraries were generated for the identification of genes whose transcription is altered in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (immunomodulator) in head kidney (immunologically important organ) and to CuSO(4) (common algacide) in liver (central metabolic organ and important source of immune transcripts).

Proteomics in free-living Mus spretus to monitor terrestrial ecosystems.

We evaluated the suitability of high-throughput proteomic methods to monitor terrestrial ecosystems. Free-living Mus spretus from three sites along the "Domingo Rubio" (DR) stream were compared with mice from Doñana Biological Reserve ("Santa Olalla" lagoon (SOL) negative control), using specimens from an industrial settlement (phosphogypsum stacks (PS)) and rice fields ("Matochal" rice fields (ARZ)) as positive controls. Our 2-DE analysis showed 36 spots with significantly altered expression.

Tissue, species, and environmental differences in absolute quantities of murine mRNAs coding for alpha, mu, omega, pi, and theta glutathione S-transferases.

This article reports the first absolute quantitative analysis of expression patterns of murine transcripts (Gsta1/2, Gsta3, Gsta4, Gstm1, Gstm2, Gstm3, Gsto1, Gstp1/2, Gstt1, Gstt2) coding for most glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) of alpha, mu, omega, pi, and theta classes. We examine how the steady-state numbers of transcripts are modulated in association with: three animal organs (liver, kidney, and lung) where extensive detoxification occurs; two species (Mus musculus and Mus spretus) representing common laboratory and aboriginal mice; and two genetic and animal living conditions (wild-derived inbred animals and free-living mice). Moreover, quantitations performed examine how the pulmonary steady-state Gst mRNA amounts are affected in M.

Absolute gene expression patterns of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin redox systems in mouse.

This work provides the first absolute expression patterns of genes coding for all known components of both thioredoxin (Trx) and glutaredoxin (Grx) systems in mouse: Trx1, Trx2, Grx1, Grx2, TrxR1, TrxR2, thioredoxin/glutathione reductase, and glutathione reductase. We devised a novel assay that, combining the advantages of multiplex and real-time PCR, streamlines the quantitation of the actual mRNA copy numbers in whole-animal experiments. Quantitations reported establish differences among adult organs and embryonic stages, compare mRNA decay rates, explore the significance of alternative mRNA isoforms derived from TrxR1 and Grx2 genes, and examine the time-course expression upon superoxide stress promoted by paraquat.

Absolute quantitation of normal and ROS-induced patterns of gene expression: an in vivo real-time PCR study in mice.

Most studies using real-time PCR are taken semiquantitatively and assume a steady level of expression forthe so-called housekeeping genes. By absolute real-time PCR we demonstrate that the transcript amounts of two of the most popular internall controls (coding GAPDH and beta-actin) fluctuate dramatically across diverse mouse or human tissues. This raises the question about the inaccuracy of these genes a squantitative references in tissue-specific mRNA profiling.