Streptococcus bovis septic arthritis and osteomyelitis: A report of 21 cases and a literature review.

Background: The Streptococcus bovis group (SBG) is a well-known cause of endocarditis, but its role in osteoarticular infections (OAIs) has not been well described.

Methods: We analyzed all patients with OAIs by SBG diagnosed in our hospital (1988-2014). We selected those cases with septic arthritis and osteomyelitis, as defined according to clinical, microbiological, and imaging studies.

Identification of an HIV-1 BG Intersubtype Recombinant Form (CRF73_BG), Partially Related to CRF14_BG, Which Is Circulating in Portugal and Spain.

HIV-1 exhibits a characteristically high genetic diversity, with the M group, responsible for the pandemic, being classified into nine subtypes, 72 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and numerous unique recombinant forms (URFs). Here we characterize the near full-length genome sequence of an HIV-1 BG intersubtype recombinant virus (X3208) collected in Galicia (Northwest Spain) which exhibits a mosaic structure coincident with that of a previously characterized BG recombinant virus (9601_01), collected in Germany and epidemiologically linked to Portugal, and different from currently defined CRFs. Similar recombination patterns were found in partial genome sequences from three other BG recombinant viruses, one newly derived, from a virus collected in Spain, and two retrieved from databases, collected in France and Portugal, respectively.

Predominance of CXCR4 tropism in HIV-1 CRF14_BG strains from newly diagnosed infections.

Objectives: R5-tropic viruses are associated with HIV-1 transmission and predominate during the early stages of infection. X4-tropic populations have been detected in ~50% of patients with late-stage disease infected with subtype B viruses. In this study, we compared the frequency of X4 tropism in individuals infected with HIV-1 CRF14_BG viruses, which have a V3 loop of subtype B, with a control group of individuals infected with subtype B viruses.

Proteins in human milk.

The human baby is born extremely immature, with its major organs and immune system not fully developed. for its survival, the infant depends on an extraordinarily well-adapted evolutionary strategy shared by all mammals: breastfeeding. But what does milk contain that makes it so essential for the newborn and how does it provide immunity, nutrition, and a source for optimal growth? Human milk is a very complex living fluid which comprises proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, cells and other biologically important components.

A predictive model for mortality of bloodstream infections. Bedside analysis with the Weibull function.

This paper describes the construction and validation of a prognostic model for predicting post-bloodstream infection survival up to Day 21. A Weibull multiple regression model was adopted in a prospective cohort study of all patients diagnosed with true bacteremia or fungemia in a teaching hospital between 1991 and 1994 (training set, 1,577 patients). The final model included six variables easily detected in any institution: source of infection, underlying neoplasm, septic shock, community-acquired, age over 65, and polymicrobial bacteremia.