Depuration of and in Comparison with in Mussels () and Oysters ().

-related species are considered emerging food-borne and waterborne pathogens, with shellfish being a suggested reservoir. In a published study that investigated 204 shellfish samples and 476 isolates, the species (now known as ) and (now known as ) have been isolated as the most dominant species. However, the efficiency of depuration for eliminating and in comparison with from mussels and oysters is unknown and is therefore the objective of this investigation.

Interactions between and isolated from a case of diarrhea: evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility and immune response of infected macrophages.

species cause a wide spectrum of human diseases, primarily gastroenteritis, septicemia, and wound infections. Several studies have shown that about 40% of these cases involve mixed or polymicrobial infections between spp. and bacteria from other genera.

Repositioning of the Antihyperlipidemic Drug Fenofibrate for the Management of Infections.

Fenofibrate is a fibric acid derivative used as an antihyperlipidemic drug in humans. Its active metabolite, fenofibric acid, acts as an agonist to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), a transcription factor involved in different metabolic pathways. Some studies have reported the potential protective role of this drug in cell lines and in vivo models against bacterial and viral infections.

Heterotrophic Plate Count Can Predict the Presence of spp. in Cooling Towers.

(Lp) colonizes aquatic environments and is a potential pathogen to humans, causing outbreaks of Legionnaire's disease. It is mainly associated with contaminated cooling towers (CTs). Several regulations, including Spanish legislation (Sl), have introduced the analysis of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria and spp.

Systemic Infection Model to Study Altered Virulence during Polymicrobial Infection by .

Background: Polymicrobial infections are complex infections associated with worse outcomes compared to monomicrobial infections. We need simple, fast, and cost-effective animal models to assess their still poorly known pathogenesis.

Methods: We developed a polymicrobial infection model for opportunistic pathogens and assessed its capacity to discriminate the effects of bacterial mixtures taken from cases of human polymicrobial infections by strains.

Potential Pathogenicity of spp. Recovered in River Water, Soil, and Vegetation from a Natural Recreational Area.

The genus is widely distributed in aquatic environments and is recognized as a potential human pathogen. Some species are able to cause a wide spectrum of diseases, mainly gastroenteritis, skin and soft-tissue infections, bacteremia, and sepsis. Currently, untreated river water is used for irrigation and recreational purposes.

First Record of the Rare Species from Rainbow Trout (, Walbaum): Comparative Analysis with the Existing Strains.

The species was first described in 2016 with five strains recovered from untreated water and vegetables from Portugal. Since then, no further records exist of this species. During a surveillance study on the presence of in fish farms in Mexico, a new strain (ESV-351) of the mentioned species isolated from a rainbow trout was recovered.

Immune Response of the Monocytic Cell Line THP-1 Against Six spp.

are autochthonous bacteria of aquatic environments that are considered to be emerging pathogens to humans, producing diarrhea, bacteremia, and wound infections. Genetic identification shows that 95.4% of the strains associated with clinical cases correspond to the species (37.

Aliarcobacter vitoriensis sp. nov., isolated from carrot and urban wastewater.

Two isolates, one recovered from a carrot and another one from urban wastewater, were characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that both isolates clustered together, and were most closely related to Aliarcobacter lanthieri. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis (MLPA) using the concatenated sequences of five housekeeping genes (atpA, gyrA, gyrB, hsp60 and rpoB) suggested that these isolates formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage among the genera derived from the former genus Arcobacter.

A Case of in an Immunocompromised Patient with Diarrhea.

According to recent literature, 95.4% of the strains associated with human clinical cases correspond to four species: , , and However, other less prevalent species such as are also described from clinical samples. Based on its low incidence, the latter species can be regarded as rare and it is the only species susceptible to ampicillin.

Metagenomic analysis of viruses, bacteria and protozoa in irrigation water.

Viruses (e.g., noroviruses and hepatitis A and E virus), bacteria (e.

An Update on the Genus : Taxonomy, Epidemiology, and Pathogenicity.

The genus belongs to the family and comprises a group of Gram-negative bacteria widely distributed in aquatic environments, with some species able to cause disease in humans, fish, and other aquatic animals. However, bacteria of this genus are isolated from many other habitats, environments, and food products. The taxonomy of this genus is complex when phenotypic identification methods are used because such methods might not correctly identify all the species.

Microbiological contamination of conventional and reclaimed irrigation water: Evaluation and management measures.

The wide diversity of irrigation water sources (i.e., drinking water, groundwater, reservoir water, river water) includes reclaimed water as a requested measure for increasing water availability, but it is also a challenge as pathogen exposure may increase.

T6SS and ExoA of flesh-eating in peritonitis and necrotizing fasciitis during mono- and polymicrobial infections.

An earlier report described a human case of necrotizing fasciitis (NF) caused by mixed infection with 4 strains (NF1-NF4). While the NF2, NF3, and NF4 strains were clonal and possessed exotoxin A (ExoA), the NF1 strain was determined to be phylogenetically distinct, harboring a unique type 6 secretion system (T6SS) effector (TseC). During NF1 and NF2 mixed infection, only NF1 disseminated, while NF2 was rapidly killed by a contact-dependent mechanism and macrophage phagocytosis, as was demonstrated by using in vitro models.

The Metallochaperone Encoding Gene Is Widely Distributed among Pathogenic spp. and Its Expression Is Increased under Acidic pH and within Macrophages.

Metallochaperones are essential proteins that insert metal ions or metal cofactors into specific enzymes, that after maturation will become metalloenzymes. One of the most studied metallochaperones is the nickel-binding protein HypA, involved in the maturation of nickel-dependent hydrogenases and ureases. HypA was previously described in the human pathogens and and was considered a key virulence factor in the latter.

The Use of a DNA-Intercalating Dye for Quantitative Detection of Viable spp. Cells (v-qPCR) in Shellfish.

The genus (Vandamme et al., 1991), comprised of -related species, are considered zoonotic emergent pathogens. The presence of in food products like shellfish, has an elevated incidence worldwide.

Investigation of the virulence and genomics of Aeromonas salmonicida strains isolated from human patients.

The bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida is known since long time as a major fish pathogen unable to grow at 37 °C. However, some cases of human infection by putative mesophilic A. salmonicida have been reported.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., two novel species isolated from reclaimed water.

Two strains (RW43-9 and RW17-10) recovered from secondary treated wastewater from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Reus (Spain) were characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic study, showing evidence that they represented two novel species. Based on the 16S rRNA gene for strain RW43-9, the closest relative was LMG 10828 (99.9 % similarity), while for strain RW17-10 it was CECT 7836 (99.

Genome-driven evaluation and redesign of PCR tools for improving the detection of virulence-associated genes in aeromonads.

Many virulence factors have been described for opportunistic pathogens within the genus Aeromonas. Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCRs) are commonly used in population studies of aeromonads to detect virulence-associated genes in order to better understand the epidemiology and emergence of Aeromonas from the environment to host, but their performances have never been thoroughly evaluated. We aimed to determine diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of PCR assays for the detection of virulence-associated genes in a collection of Aeromonas isolates representative for the genetic diversity in the genus.

Arcobacter haliotis Tanaka et al. 2017 is a later heterotypic synonym of Arcobacter lekithochrous Diéguez et al. 2017.

The draft whole-genome sequence of Arcobacter haliotis strain LMG 28652 was obtained and compared against the type strain of Arcobacter lekithochrous LFT 1.7. High similarity was found between the two strains, showing average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values of 98.

Arcobacter canalis sp. nov., isolated from a water canal contaminated with urban sewage.

Four bacterial strains recovered from shellfish (n=3) and from the water (n=1) of a canal contaminated with urban sewage were recognized as belonging to a novel species of the genus Arcobacter (represented by strain F138-33) by using a polyphasic characterization. All the new isolates required 2 % NaCl to grow. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that all strains clustered together, with the most closely related species being Arcobacter marinus and Arcobactermolluscorum.

Antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence potential and sequence types associated with Arcobacter strains recovered from human faeces.

Purpose: The genus Arcobacter includes bacteria that are considered emergent pathogens because they can produce infections in humans and animals. The most common symptoms are bloody and non-bloody persistent diarrhea but cases with abdominal cramps without diarrhea or asymptomatic cases have also been described as well as cases with bacteremia. The objective was to characterize Arcobacter clinical strains isolated from the faeces of patients from three Spanish hospitals.

Delineation of Taxonomic Species within Complex of Species: and Related Species as a Test Case.

is an opportunistic pathogen for human and animals mainly found in aquatic habitats and which has been noted for significant genomic and phenotypic heterogeneities. We aimed to better understand the population structure and diversity of strains currently affiliated to and the related species . Forty-one strains were included in a population study integrating, multilocus genetics, phylogenetics, comparative genomics, as well as phenotypics, lifestyle, and evolutionary features.

The Use of Two Culturing Methods in Parallel Reveals a High Prevalence and Diversity of spp. in a Wastewater Treatment Plant.

The genus includes species considered emerging food and waterborne pathogens. Despite has been linked to the presence of faecal pollution, few studies have investigated its prevalence in wastewater, and the only isolated species were and . This study aimed to establish the prevalence of spp.