Assessment of the available evidence for the use of 7-Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in neurological and musculoskeletal disorders, with comparison to 3-T and 1.5-T MRI: A systematic scoping review.

Background: Ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a field strength of 7 Tesla (T) has marked a significant milestone in diagnostic imaging since it was approved for clinical use in 2017. Despite the potential to improve image analysis by advances in signal-to-noise ratio, and improved spatial resolution and metabolic imaging, the clinical implementation of 7-T MRI remains limited. Factors that contribute to this limited availability are the high price, the operating costs, the need for specifically educated personnel, and lack of evidence of clinical benefit.

Three-dimensional virtual reality-assisted surgical planning for neuronavigated sacrectomy of a chordoma: a technical note.

Purpose: Sacral chordomas are slow growing but locally aggressive tumours with a high rate of local recurrence if not completely removed. Surgical resection with negative margins represents the most important survival predictor but it can be challenging to accomplish. Thanks to improvements in intraoperative imaging and surgical techniques, en bloc resection through a partial sacral resection with wide surgical margins has become feasible but it comes with a significant morbidity rate.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the suprasellar region: diagnosis based on thyroid cytology.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) may present as unifocal disease of the suprasellar region, with symptoms and signs of hypopituitarism, arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D), and weight gain. Transcranial biopsy is necessary to define diagnosis and guide treatment decisions, but it is associated with significant morbidity. We describe a patient with Hashimoto thyroiditis and a single hypothalamic mass in whom LCH diagnosis was made by thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) performed despite nonspecific findings in thyroid imaging, on the basis of a slightly elevated [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avidity on PET/CT and volume increase during follow-up.

Time-of-flight and black-blood MRI to study intracranial arteries in rats.

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are usually incidentally discovered by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Once discovered, the risk associated with their treatment must be balanced with the risk of an unexpected rupture. Although clinical observations suggest that the detection of contrast agent in the aneurysm wall using a double-inversion recovery black-blood (BB) sequence may point to IA wall instability, the exact meaning of this observation is not understood.

Association of Spinal Cord Atrophy and Brain Paramagnetic Rim Lesions With Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in People With MS.

Background And Objectives: Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is a crucial determinant of overall disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis (MS). Accelerated brain atrophy has been shown in patients experiencing PIRA. In this study, we assessed the relation between PIRA and neurodegenerative processes reflected by (1) longitudinal spinal cord atrophy and (2) brain paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs).

Yield of non-invasive imaging in MRI-negative focal epilepsy.

Objective: The absence of MRI-lesion reduces considerably the probability of having an excellent outcome (International League Against Epilepsies [ILAE] class I-II) after epilepsy surgery. Surgical success in magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI)-negative cases relies therefore mainly on non-invasive techniques such as positron-emission tomography (PET), subtraction ictal/inter-ictal single-photon-emission-computed-tomography co-registered to MRI (SISCOM), electric source imaging (ESI) and morphometric MRI analysis (MAP). We were interested in identifying the optimal imaging technique or combination to achieve post-operative class I-II in patients with MRI-negative focal epilepsy.

Emerging biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes in Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated poly(radiculo)neuropathy with a variable clinical outcome. Identifying patients who are at risk of suffering from long-term disabilities is a great challenge. Biomarkers are useful to confirm diagnosis, monitor disease progression, and predict outcome.

Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis Associated with an Atypical Carcinoid Tumor of the Lung: A Case Report.

We report the case of a patient with a history of an atypical lung carcinoid tumor who developed a rapidly progressive memory impairment. The clinical presentation as well as brain MRI, cerebrospinal fluid, and laboratory tests led to the diagnosis of seronegative paraneoplastic autoimmune limbic encephalitis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in literature of such association.

The interdural hematoma: A subtype of convexity subdural/dural hematoma with specific radioanatomical characteristics.

Background: Rare cases of biconvex hematomas splitting the convexity dura mater were reported and denominated interdural hematoma (IDH). Due to their rarity, little is known about their radiological characteristics, and in most cases, their invasive management with craniotomy and dural membrane excision is unnecessary.

Case Description: We report here a case of single burr-hole endoscopic evacuation of an IDH and its complete resolution after the 6-month follow-up imaging.

A new modified technique of dynamic CT myelography to detect dural tears in spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

We propose a modified dynamic CT-myelography technique for patients with fast CSF leaks caused by ventral dural tears in order to reduce radiation exposure and complications. A fluoroscopy-guided lumbar puncture using an epidural anesthesia kit replaces a CT-guided lumbar puncture, and a smaller volume of less concentrated contrast media is used. This approach has advantages, including speeding up the procedure, reduced radiation exposure, and elimination of the risk of contrast injection into the epidural space.

The use of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography in supporting anatomical conflict between an uncal protrusion and the oculomotor nerve: A case report of isolated inferior rectus palsy.

Background: Isolated inferior rectus muscle palsy is a rare entity and even more rarely induced by an anatomical conflict. We report here a clinical case of third cranial nerve (CN III) compression in its cisternal segment by an idiopathic uncal protrusion in a patient presenting an isolated inferior rectus muscle palsy.

Case Description: We report a case of an anatomical conflict between the uncus and the CN III in the form of a protrusion and highly asymmetrical proximity of the uncus and asymmetrically thinned nerve diameter deviated from its straight cisternal trajectory on the ipsilateral side were supported by an altered diffusion tractography along the concerned CN III.

Near-wall hemodynamic parameters quantification in in vitro intracranial aneurysms with 7 T PC-MRI.

Objective: Wall shear stress (WSS) and its derived spatiotemporal parameters have proven to play a major role on intracranial aneurysms (IAs) growth and rupture. This study aims to demonstrate how ultra-high field (UHF) 7 T phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) coupled with advanced image acceleration techniques allows a highly resolved visualization of near-wall hemodynamic parameters patterns in in vitro IAs, paving the way for more robust risk assessment of their growth and rupture.

Materials And Methods: We performed pulsatile flow measurements inside three in vitro models of patient-specific IAs using 7 T PC-MRI.

Characterization of meningiomas with synthetic imaging.

Introduction: Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) is a novel quantitative and qualitative technique that permits the reconstruction of multiple image contrasts and quantitative maps from a single scan, thereby providing quantitative information and reducing scan times. The purpose of this study is to characterize intracranial meningiomas using SyMRI.

Methods: The study included 35 patients with meningiomas (6 males, 29 females; mean age 61 ± 17 years; range 21-90 years).

A high resolution scanning electron microscopy analysis of intracranial thrombi embedded along the stent retrievers.

Endovascular treatment with stent retriever thrombectomy is a major advancement in the standard of care in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The modalities through which thrombi embed along stent retriever following mechanical thrombectomy (MTB) have not yet been elucidated. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we analyzed the appearance of thrombi retrieved by MTB from AIS patients, when embedded into the stent retriever.

New Insight in Hyperinsulinism/Hyperammonemia Syndrome by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy.

Hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia syndrome (HI/HA) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by monoallelic activating mutations in the glutamate dehydrogenase 1 () gene. While hyperinsulinism may be explained by a reduction in the allosteric inhibition of , the pathogenesis of HA in HI/HA remains uncertain; interestingly, HA in the HI/HA syndrome is not associated with acute hyperammonemic intoxication events. We obtained a brain magnetic resonance (MR) in a woman with HI/HA syndrome with chronic asymptomatic HA.

MicroCT Can Characterize Clots Retrieved With Mechanical Thrombectomy From Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients-A Preliminary Report.

Background: Characterization of the clot occluding the arteries in acute ischemic stroke received ample attention, in terms of elucidating the relationship between the clot composition, its etiology and its amenability for pharmacological treatment and mechanical thrombectomy approaches. Traditional analytical techniques such as conventional 2D histopathology or electron microscopy sample only small parts of the clot. Visualization and analysis in 3D are necessary to depict and comprehend the overall organization of the clot.

Spinal disorders mimicking infection.

Spinal infections are very commonly encountered by radiologists in their routine clinical practice. In case of typical MRI features, the diagnosis is relatively easy to interpret, all the more so if the clinical and laboratory findings are in agreement with the radiological findings. In many cases, the radiologist is able to make the right diagnosis, thereby avoiding a disco-vertebral biopsy, which is technically challenging and associated with a risk of negative results.

Relaxation time of brain tissue in the elderly assessed by synthetic MRI.

Background: Synthetic MRI (SyMRI) is a quantitative technique that allows measurements of T1 and T2 relaxation times (RTs). Brain RT evolution across lifespan is well described for the younger population. The aim was to study RTs of brain parenchyma in a healthy geriatric population in order to define the normal value of structures in this group population.

Non-stenotic Carotid Plaques in Embolic Stroke of Unknown Source.

Embolic stroke of unknown source (ESUS) represents one in five ischemic strokes. Ipsilateral non-stenotic carotid plaques are identified in 40% of all ESUS. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence supporting the potential causal relationship between ESUS and non-stenotic carotid plaques; discuss the remaining challenges in establishing the causal link between non-stenotic plaques and ESUS and describe biomarkers of potential interest for future research.