Deaths and hospitalizations of victims of non-drug toxicological events in Brazil, 2009 to 2018.

Objective: to determine the rate of hospitalizations due to acute non-drug poisoning (NDP) events and to analyze mortality arising from these health conditions in Brazil from 2009 to 2018.

Methods: this was a time-series study using Prais-Winsten regression to analyze records of hospitalizations for "treatment of intoxication or poisoning due to exposure to non-drug substances" held on the Hospital Information System.

Results: there were 125,570 hospitalizations due to NDP.

Determinants of fluconazole resistance and echinocandin tolerance in isolates causing a large clonal candidemia outbreak among COVID-19 patients in a Brazilian ICU.

Patients presenting with severe COVID-19 are predisposed to acquire secondary fungal infections such as COVID-19-associated candidemia (CAC), which are associated with poor clinical outcomes despite antifungal treatment. The extreme burden imposed on clinical facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic has provided a permissive environment for the emergence of clonal outbreaks of multiple species, including and . Here we report the largest clonal CAC outbreak to date caused by fluconazole resistant (FLZR) and echinocandin tolerant (ECT) .

Incidence, aetiology and serotype coverage for pneumococcal vaccines of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a population-based prospective active surveillance study in Brazil.

Objectives: To determine the incidence, aetiology and pneumococcal serotype distribution of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Brazilian adults during a 2-year period.

Design: Prospective population-based surveillance study.

Setting: Patients from two emergency hospitals in Brazil were consecutively included in this study.

Trichosporon asahii superinfections in critically ill COVID-19 patients overexposed to antimicrobials and corticosteroids.

Objectives: To investigate the occurrence of Trichosporon asahii fungemia among critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Methods: From 1 July to 30 September 2020, cases of T asahii fungemia (TAF) in a Brazilian COVID-19 referral centre were investigated. The epidemiology and clinical courses were detailed, along with a mycological investigation that included molecular species identification, haplotype diversity analysis and antifungal susceptibility testing.

Bloodstream infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria: epidemiological, clinical and microbiological features.

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. This scenario worsens with the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens, resulting in infections which are difficult to treat or even untreatable with conventional antimicrobials. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological aspects of BSI caused by multiresistant gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB).

Isolation of bla-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a public hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

Carbapenemases have great importance in the global epidemiological scenario since infections with carbapenemase-producing bacteria are associated with high mortality, especially in hospitalized patients in intensive care units. This study describes two microorganisms producers of the New Delhi Metallo-b-lactamase, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacter freundii, from two patients admitted to a public hospital in Salvador, Bahia. These are the first clinical cases of New Delhi Metallo-b-lactamase described in microorganisms in the north and northeast Brazil.

Direct identification from positive blood broth culture by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are among the most concerning bacterial infections. They are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, and occur in 30-70% of critical care patients. The prompt identification of the causative microorganism can help choosing the appropriate antimicrobial therapy that will lead to better clinical outcomes.

Distribution of strain type and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates causing meningitis in a large urban setting in Brazil.

The clinical management of meningitis caused by Escherichia coli is greatly complicated when the organism becomes resistant to broad-spectrum antibiotics. We sought to characterize the antimicrobial susceptibilities, sequence types (ST), and presence of known drug resistance genes of E. coli isolates that caused meningitis between 1996 and 2011 in Salvador, Brazil.

Methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infection among children.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as a pathogen associated with community-acquired infections worldwide. We report the spectrum of community-acquired S. aureus infections and compare the patients infected with methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant strains among patients aged <20 years.

Resistance to methicillin and other antimicrobials among community-acquired and nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus strains in a pediatric teaching hospital in Salvador, Northeast Brazil.

To report the frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection and to compare the antimicrobial resistance patterns between community-acquired (CA) and nosocomial (NI) strains stratified for resistance to methicillin, this retrospective study on patients under 20 years of age was conducted from April 1995 to December 2005 in a pediatric teaching hospital in Salvador, Brazil. Of 308 S. aureus strains isolated, 185 (60.

Evaluation of blood stream infections by Candida in three tertiary hospitals in Salvador, Brazil: a case-control study.

Invasive infections caused by Candida spp. are an important problem in immunocompromised patients. There is scarce data on the epidemiology of blood stream candidiasis in Salvador, Brazil.