Sex Differences in MicroRNA Expression and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Hispanic Adolescents with Obesity.

Objective: To evaluate sex differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression, anthropometric measures, and cardiometabolic risk factors in Hispanic adolescents with obesity.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study of 68 (60% male) Hispanic adolescents with obesity, aged 13-17 years, recruited from a pediatric weight management clinic. We used small RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed circulating miRNAs.

Growth recovery lines: a specific indicator of child abuse and neglect?

Background: Growth recovery lines are radiodense lines in long bones reported to be indicators of stress.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the distribution, quantity and associations of growth recovery lines in children ages 0-24 months with high and low risk for child maltreatment.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children ages 0-24 months who had skeletal surveys and an assessment for maltreatment.

Establishing a Standard Protocol for the Voiding Cystourethrography.

The voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a frequently performed test to diagnose a variety of urologic conditions, such as vesicoureteral reflux. The test results determine whether continued observation or an interventional procedure is indicated. VCUGs are ordered by many specialists and primary care providers, including pediatricians, family practitioners, nephrologists, hospitalists, emergency department physicians, and urologists.

US of renal insufficiency in neonates.

Congenital and acquired renal diseases that can produce renal insufficiency during the neonatal period may be classified according to their ultrasonographic (US) characteristics: increased parenchymal echogenicity (renal parenchymal diseases, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor fetopathy, cortical necrosis), cystic disease (glomerulocystic kidney disease, autosomal recessive polycystic renal disease, multicystic dysplastic kidney, cystic renal dysplasia), obstructive uropathies (ureteropelvic junction obstruction, posterior urethral valves), infections (candidal infections and bezoars), and renal agenesis. High-resolution sector and linear-array transducers allow characterization of the underlying pathologic conditions in many cases. Findings of renal parenchymal disease will vary at Doppler US and, during the acute phase, diastolic flow can be decreased, absent, or reversed.