Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus presenting as recurrent strokes.

Unlabelled: Although caseous calcification of the mitral annulus is usually diagnosed incidentally, it can cause embolic complications. The current report describes the case of caseous calcification revealed by recurrent episodes of stroke in a 64-year-old female patient. After her last ischemic episode, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of a thrombus in the right middle cerebral artery.

Modern mapping and ablation of idiopathic outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias.

Outflow tract (OT) premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are being recognized as a common and often troubling, clinical electrocardiographic finding. The OT areas consist of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT), the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract (LVOT), the Aortomitral Continuity (AMC), the aortic cusps and the Left Ventricular (LV) summit. By definition, all OT PVCs will exhibit an inferior QRS axis, defined as positive net forces in leads II, III and aVF.