Kinetics of sugars consumption and ethanol inhibition in carob pulp fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch and fed-batch cultures.

The waste materials from the carob processing industry are a potential resource for second-generation bioethanol production. These by-products are small carob kibbles with a high content of soluble sugars (45-50%). Batch and fed-batch Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentations of high density sugar from carob pods were analyzed in terms of the kinetics of sugars consumption and ethanol inhibition.

Carob pulp as raw material for production of the biocontrol agent P. agglomerans PBC-1.

Large-scale production has been the major obstacle to the success of many biopesticides. The spreading of microbial biocontrol agents against postharvest disease, as a safe and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides, is quite dependent on their industrial mass production from low-cost raw materials. Considerable interest has been shown in using agricultural waste products and by-products from food industry as nitrogen and carbon sources.

Allocation of proteolytic activity in the seedling of Cynara cardunculus L. in the initial growth stages.

Cynara cardunculus L. seeds were germinated in vitro under environmentally controlled conditions. Seeds showed a 60% germination rate, and three growth stages were established based on the seedling mean relative growth rate (RGR).

Focussed beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) monitoring of particle size and morphology in suspension cultures of Morinda citrifolia and Centaurea calcitrapa.

Laser light scattering technology, as applied in the Lasentec focussed beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) system, was used to characterise two morphologically dissimilar plant cell suspension cultures, Morinda citrifolia and Centaurea calcitrapa. Shake-flask suspensions were analysed in terms of biomass concentration and aggregate size/shape over the course of typical batch growth cycles. For the heavily aggregated C.