Moral Harassment and Mental Health in Medical Residents: A Longitudinal Study.

Objective: This study investigates if moral harassment contributes to anxiety, depression and burnout among medical residents.

Methods: This three-stage longitudinal study involves 218 first-year residents, with 76 (34.9%) participating throughout all stages.

Effectiveness of a SNAPPS in psychiatric residents assessed using objective structured teaching encounters: a case-control study.

Background: Residents play the role of teachers in almost one-quarter of their activities in residency programs.

Objective: To evaluate whether a 45-minute class using summarize, narrow, analyze, probe, plan, and select (SNAPPS) could improve psychiatry residents' case discussion skills in diverse practical learning settings.

Design And Setting: This case-control, randomized, blinded study was conducted in a psychiatry hospital at Fortaleza-Ceará.

Is Modified Early Warning Score associated with clinical outcomes of patients admitted to a university internal medicine ward?

Objective: To assess the MEWS association with the clinical outcomes (CO) of patients admitted to an internal medicine ward (IMW) at a Brazilian university hospital (UH).

Introduction: It is important to quickly identify patients with clinical deterioration, especially in wards. The health team must recognize and act before the situation becomes an adverse event.

Immunising' physicians against availability bias in diagnostic reasoning: a randomised controlled experiment.

Background: Diagnostic errors have often been attributed to biases in physicians' reasoning. Interventions to 'immunise' physicians against bias have focused on improving reasoning processes and have largely failed.

Objective: To investigate the effect of increasing physicians' relevant knowledge on their susceptibility to availability bias.

Influence of negative emotions on residents' learning of scientific information: an experimental study.

Introduction: Medical training is consistently described as emotionally challenging. Students commonly encounter situations that are likely to trigger emotional reactions, but the influence of emotional reactions to these situations on learning is unclear. This experiment examined the effects of negative emotions on medical residents' learning of scientific information.

Objective structured teaching examination (OSTE): an underused tool developed to assess clinical teaching skills. A narrative review of the literature.

Background: There are plenty of options for evaluating medical students and medical residents' clinical skills. Objective structured clinical evaluations (OSCEs) have emerged as a powerful and reliable tool for assessing multiple cognition domains of clinical expertise. In the same way as OSCEs have emerged to assess clinical skills, objective structured teaching evaluations (OSTEs) have come to light as promising and unbiased interventions for evaluating the act of clinical teaching.

Medical education in Brazil.

This paper aims to describe and analyze medical education in Brazil, a history of over 200 years. As in most European countries and influenced by the Flexner Report, an undergraduate medical course in Brazil takes 6 years. Recently, medical education research has been advocating a shift from a teacher-centered and hospital-based approach to student-centered and community-based education.

Teaching skills for medical residents: are these important? A narrative review of the literature.

Background: There is extensive evidence, mainly from the United States and Canada, that points towards the need to train medical residents in teaching skills. Much of the "informal curriculum", including professional values, is taught by residents when consultants are not around. Furthermore, data from the 1960s show the importance of acquiring these skills, not only for residents but also for all doctors.

Effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention in the Management of Musculoskeletal Pain in Nursing Workers.

Background: Chronic pain is a prevalent disorder in nursing workers worldwide. Several studies have proposed measures to mitigate this critical scenario. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have been found to have promising results in the treatment of this disorder.

Evaluation of the impact of collaborative work by teams from the National Medical Residency Committee and the Brazilian Society of Neurosurgery. Retrospective and prospective study.

Context And Objective: Training for specialist physicians in Brazil can take place in different ways. Closer liaison between institutions providing this training and assessment and health care services may improve qualifications. This article analyzes the impact of closer links and joint work by teams from the National Medical Residency Committee (Comissão Nacional de Residência Médica, CNRM) and the Brazilian Society of Neurosurgery (Sociedade Brasileira de Neurocirurgia, SBN) towards evaluating these programs.

Respiratory rehabilitation: a physiotherapy approach to the control of asthma symptoms and anxiety.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to verify the degree of anxiety, respiratory distress, and health-related quality of life in a group of asthmatic patients who have experienced previous panic attacks. Additionally, we evaluated if a respiratory physiotherapy program (breathing retraining) improved both asthma and panic disorder symptoms, resulting in an improvement in the health-related quality of life of asthmatics.

Methods: Asthmatic individuals were assigned to a chest physiotherapy group that included a breathing retraining program held once a week for three months or a paired control group that included a Subtle Touch program.

Length of internship influences performance on medical residency exam.

Objectives: Medical education encompasses globally diverse context and conditions. The Brazilian scenario seemed a natural environment to study the influence of medical education programs and internship duration on the entrance exam for medical residency. This investigation evaluates some methods used during the entrance exam for medical residency as a means to make a distinction between candidates with longer clerkships.

Non-asthmatic patients show increased exhaled nitric oxide concentrations.

Objective: Evaluate whether exhaled nitric oxide may serve as a marker of intraoperative bronchospasm.

Introduction: Intraoperative bronchospasm remains a challenging event during anesthesia. Previous studies in asthmatic patients suggest that exhaled nitric oxide may represent a noninvasive measure of airway inflammation.

Comparing asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in terms of symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Objective: To evaluate the presence and severity of symptoms of anxiety and depression in individuals with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Methods: In order to evaluate symptoms of anxiety and depression, specific instruments of quantification (the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory, respectively) were administered to patients at an outpatient clinic for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The population comprised 189 randomly and prospectively selected patients that were divided into three study groups (each with a different therapeutic objective): 40 patients with controlled asthma, 100 patients with uncontrolled asthma, and 49 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

[Induced sputum in children and adolescents with asthma: safety, clinical applicability and inflammatory cells aspects in stable patients and during exacerbation].

Objectives: To determine the safety of sputum induction in asthmatic children and adolescents, to characterize sputum inflammatory cells while clinically stable and during exacerbation and to correlate sputum inflammatory cells with peripheral blood eosinophils, serum IgE and the degree of bronchial obstruction.

Methods: Ninety-six asthmatic patients aged 6 to 18 years were recruited for the present cross-sectional study. Spirometry was performed before and after administration of a bronchodilator.

Preoperative laboratory evaluation of patients aged over 40 years undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery.

Context And Objective: Although it is generally agreed that a medical history and physical examination should be obtained as part of preoperative evaluation, there is still substantial controversy about the additional benefits of preoperative screening tests. The objective of the present study was to determine the percentage of abnormalities on laboratory tests among a population that underwent non-cardiac surgery and to correlate these tests with changes in preoperative evaluation management.

Design And Setting: Cross-sectional study, carried out in a University Hospital.

Comparison of three methods for differential cell count in induced sputum.

Background: Induced sputum (IS) using the cytospin technique has been extensively employed to characterize inflammatory airway diseases; however, procedures of cell enrichment based on cytospin increase the analytical costs and require slide processing within a short period of time after sampling.

Study Objectives: To compare three different techniques for cytologic analysis of IS, and to determine the time required by each method and the costs involved.

Design: Cross-sectional study.