Clinical Characteristics and Mortality Profile of COVID-19 Patients Aged less than 20 years Old in Pernambuco - Brazil.

COVID-19 in children and adolescents has low frequency, severity, and fatality rate all over the world. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the epidemiological and clinical aspects of COVID-19 in patients younger than 20 years in Pernambuco (Brazil), with cases confirmed by reverse-transcriptase-PCR SARS-CoV-2 between 13 February and June 19, 2020, reported on information systems. Data regarding age (< 30 days, 1-11 months, 1-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years), gender, color/race, symptoms, pregnancy or puerperium, comorbidities, hospitalization, and death were investigated.

Weaning failure and respiratory muscle function: What has been done and what can be improved?

Introduction: Respiratory muscle dysfunction, being a common cause of weaning failure, is strongly associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) and prolonged stay in intensive care units. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been described as an important contributor to the treatment of respiratory muscle dysfunction in critically ill patients. Its effectiveness is however yet controversial.

Effects of pressure support ventilation on ventilator-induced lung injury in mild acute respiratory distress syndrome depend on level of positive end-expiratory pressure: A randomised animal study.

Background: Harmful effects of spontaneous breathing have been shown in experimental severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, in the clinical setting, spontaneous respiration has been indicated only in mild ARDS. To date, no study has compared the effects of spontaneous assisted breathing with those of fully controlled mechanical ventilation at different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on lung injury in ARDS.

Effectiveness of tranexamic acid for reducing intraoperative bleeding in palatoplasties: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Few data are available regarding blood loss during cleft palate surgery. This study assessed the effect of using tranexamic acid in the reduction of intraoperative bleeding.

Methods: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial compared intraoperative bleeding and the incidence of oronasal fistulas after palatoplasties in a control group that was given placebo and an intervention group that was given 10 mg/kg tranexamic acid followed by a continuous infusion of 1 mg/kg/h of the same until the end of surgery.

Impact of chronic kidney disease on quality of life, lung function, and functional capacity.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of the chronic kidney disease (CKD) on quality of life, from the children's and their parents' perspective, respiratory muscle strength, lung function, and functional capacity in children and adolescents.

Method: Cross-sectional study of children with CKD aged 8 to 17 years. Those incapable of taking the tests were excluded.

Viral and atypical bacterial detection in acute respiratory infection in children under five years.

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. This study aimed to determine the viral and atypical bacterial causes of different severities and clinical manifestations of ARI in preschool children from low-income families in North-East Brazil.

Methods: Clinical/demographic data and nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) were prospectively collected from children <5 years presenting with ARI over one year to a paediatric A&E department.