Dual trajectories of polypharmacy and medication regimen complexity index in people living with HIV in Spain.

Background: Polypharmacy, using 6 or more medications, may increase the risk of high medication regimen complexity index (MRCI). We aimed to identify the interrelationship between trajectories of polypharmacy and MRCI.

Methods: People living with HIV (PLWH) (aged ≥18) were included in from 2010 to 2021.

Influence of the Type of Antiretroviral Treatment on the Time to Reach High Pharmacotherapy Complexity in People Living With HIV.

Background: The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ARV) has significantly improved the survival of people living with HIV (PLWH), increasing the proportion of individuals over 50 years old. This aging trend poses challenges, such as the development of age-related comorbidities and a higher prevalence of polypharmacy. The pharmacotherapeutic complexity, assessed using the Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI), is crucial for identifying and optimizing treatment, especially in elderly and polymedicated patients.

Concordance between two models of stratification for patients living with HIV infection to providing pharmaceutical care.

Objective: To determine the degree of agreement of two differents stratification models for pharmaceutical care to people living with HIV.

Methods: This was a single-centre observational prospective cohort study of patients with regular follow-up in pharmaceutical care consultations according to the Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity methodology, conducted between January 1st and March 31th, 2023. Patients received the pharmacotherapeutic interventions applied routinely to ambulatory care patients according to this model.

Telematic Interview in Telepharmacy: a comprehensive guide for pharmacotherapeutic follow-up and and informed drug delivery.

Telepharmacy is defined as the practice of remote pharmaceutical care, using information and communication technologies. Given its growing importance in outpatient pharmaceutical care, the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy developed a consensus document, Guía de entrevista telemática en atención farmacéutica, as part of its strategy for the development and expansion of telepharmacy, with key recommendations for effective pharmacotherapeutic monitoring and informed dispensing and delivery of medications through telematic interviews. The document was developed by a working group of hospital pharmacists with experience in the field.

Analysis to retreatment with monoclonal antibodies in chronic/episodic migraine: Real world data.

Objective: To analyze the response to retreatment in patients with chronic/episodic migraine who discontinued therapy with erenumab/fremanezumab after one year of treatment.

Methods: Observational, retrospective, single-center, multidisciplinary study in patients with chronic/episodic migraine who received therapy with erenumab/fremanezumab for at least one year and discontinued it after achieving an adequate response (optimization). The evaluation of the response after retreatment included the following variables: migraine days per month, MIDAS and HIT-6 scales at the beginning of retreatment and 3 months later.

Comparative analysis of the prevalence 3-HIT concept in people living with HIV and seronegative patients with chronic conditions. Cross-3HIT Project.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare the occurrence of 3-HIT in people living with HIV (PLWH) and seronegative patients. Additionally, the study investigated whether HIV infection could serve as a predictor of the presence of 3-HIT.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2022 and January 2023 to compare PLWH with a group of seronegative patients with chronic diseases attending an outpatient hospital pharmacy service.

Analysis of retreatment with monoclonal antibodies in chronic/episodic migraine: Real world data.

Objective: To analyze the response to retreatment in patients with chronic/episodic migraine who discontinued therapy with erenumab/fremanezumab after 1 year of treatment.

Methods: Observational, retrospective, single-center, multidisciplinary study in patients with chronic/episodic migraine who received therapy with erenumab/fremanezumab for at least 1 year and discontinued it after achieving an adequate response (optimization). The evaluation of the response after retreatment included the following variables: DMM, MIDAS, and HIT-6 scales at the beginning of retreatment and 3 months later.

Telematic interview in telepharmacy: consensus document for farmacotherapeutic monitoring and informed drug delivery.

Telepharmacy is defined as the practice of remote pharmaceutical care, using information and communication technologies. Given its growing importance in outpatient pharmaceutical care, the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy developed a consensus document, "Guía de entrevista telemática en atención farmacéutica," as part of its strategy for the development and expansion of telepharmacy, with key recommendations for effective pharmacotherapeutic monitoring and informed dispensing and delivery of medications through telematic interviews. The document was developed by a working group of hospital pharmacists with experience in the field.

Concordance between two models of stratification for patients living with HIV infection to providing pharmaceutical care.

Objective: To determine the degree of agreement of 2 differents stratification models for pharmaceutical care to people living with HIV.

Methods: This was a single-center observational prospective cohort study of patients with regular follow-up in pharmaceutical care consultations according to the Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity methodology, conducted between January 1 and March 31, 2023. Patients received the pharmacotherapeutic interventions applied routinely to ambulatory care patients according to this model.

Drug burden index in people living with HIV over 50 years of age in a real clinical practice cohort.

Objectives: To determine DBI and its relationship with polypharmacy and pharmacotherapeutic complexity (PC) in a cohort of PLWH over 50 years of age at follow-up of pharmacotherapy in a tertiary hospital.

Methods: Observational and retrospective study that included PLWH in active antiretroviral treatment over 50 years of age who have been followed up in outpatient pharmacy services. Pharmacotherapeutic complexity was estimated through Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI).

Correlates of one-year mortality among patients living with HIV according to the stratification level of the pharmaceutical care model.

Objectives: The patient living with HIV (PLWH) profile has changed and with it, the importance of patient-oriented pharmaceutical care (PC) has been highlighted, for which the stratification tool of the Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity (CMO) PC model helps us which adapts to the needs of each patient. To assess the true relevance, our main objective is to evaluate the differences of one-year mortality among PLWH stratified according to this model.

Methods: A single-center observational analytical survival research study including adult PLWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART) from January-2021 to January-2022 treated at hospital pharmacy outpatient service according to CMO pharmaceutical care model.

[Translated article] 2022 update of the indicators for quality of care and pharmaceutical care for people living with human immunodeficiency virus.

Objective: To update and define indicators for improving the quality of care and Pharmaceutical Care for people living with HIV infection in Spain.

Method: The present project, which updates the previous version of the 2013 document, was developed in four work phases carried out between January and June 2022. In phase 1, the organization phase, a working group was created, made up of seven hospital pharmacy specialists with extensive experience in pharmaceutical care and from different SFHs in Spain.

2022 update of the indicators for quality of care and pharmaceutical care for people living with human immunodeficiency virus.

Objective: To update and define indicators for improving the quality of care and pharmaceutical care for people living with HIV infection in Spain.

Method: The present project, which updates the previous version of the 2013 document, was developed in four work phases carried out between January and June 2022. In phase 1, the organization phase, a working group was created, made up of seven hospital pharmacy specialists with extensive experience in pharmaceutical care and from different SFHs in Spain.

Simplification and Multidimensional Adaptation of the Stratification Tool for Pharmaceutical Care in People Living With HIV.

Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) require specific pharmaceutical care (PC). Although the 2017 Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity (CMO) PC model allows a multidisciplinary approach that focuses on patient needs, it is too complex and presents room for improvement.

Objective: The aim of this study is to simplify and adapt the previous 2017 PC tool through a multidimensional approach to improve HIV patient care, to prove the validity of the model in real-life patients.

Clinical Impact of the Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity Pharmacist-Led Intervention in People Living with HIV in Spain, 2019-2020.

Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) have significantly enhanced their life expectancy. Consequently, age-associated comorbidities and related health conditions are increasingly found in PLWH complicating their clinical management.

Objective: To determine the effect of the capacity-motivation-opportunity (CMO) structured pharmaceutical care intervention for improving clinical health-care results frequently associated to PLWH.

Prevalence of polypharmacy and associated factors among patients living with HIV infection in Spain: The POINT study.

Purpose: Survival in people living with HIV (PLWH) has increased and thus people are aging with HIV, increasing the frequency of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of polypharmacy among PLWH who were on antiretroviral treatment and were followed in an outpatient setting by the pharmacy department of several hospitals across Spain. In addition, we aimed to evaluate factors associated with polypharmacy and treatment complexity among this population.

Impact and acceptance of pharmacist-led interventions during HIV care in a third-level hospital in Spain using the Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity pharmaceutical care model: the IRAFE study.

Introduction: In recent decades, HIV has become a chronic disease with which the HIV specialist pharmacist plays a fundamental role. The traditional pharmaceutical care model followed to date relied excessively on the medication, obviating the uniqueness of each patient. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence and acceptance of a Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity (CMO)-based structured pharmaceutical care (PC) intervention in a multidisciplinary team for improving healthcare results.

Prevalence of polypharmacy and associated factors among patients living with HIV infection in Spain: The POINT study.

Purpose: Survival in people living with HIV (PLWH) has increased and thus people are aging with HIV, increasing the frequency of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of polypharmacy among PLWH who were on antiretroviral treatment and were followed in an outpatient setting by the pharmacy department of several hospitals across Spain. In addition, we aimed to evaluate factors associated with polypharmacy and treatment complexity among this population.

Implementation of a novel home delivery service during pandemic.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, measures have been put in place to adapt to patients' needs during home quarantine, such as "telehealthcare". With this service, hospital pharmacists develop a distinct role via the implementation of pharmacovigilance services and pharmaceutical care plans for patients with comorbidities, and for special populations as immunosuppressed patients.MethodsCross-sectional study involving hospital and community pharmacists actively practising during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A new definition and refocus of pharmaceutical care: the Barbate Document.

Objective: To propose an updated definition of Pharmaceutical Care based on  the Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity (CMO) model and on the key elements and  optimal activities for its development that guarantee the highest levels of quality and excellence in this professional activity.

Method: The consensus was developed by a working group composed of  members of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy and other pharmacists from different healthcare fields. A literature review of PubMed was  conducted of the available scientific evidence on pharmaceutical healthcare  models and activities with the greatest impact and ease of implementation.

Prevalence of polypharmacy and pharmacotherapy complexity in elderly people living with HIV in Spain. POINT study.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of polypharmacy in persons living with  HIV of at least 65 years of age receiving antiretroviral treatment. A  characterization of antiretroviral treatment, as well as a determination of the  prevalence of comorbidities; of the most common types of concomitant medication; of adherence rates; of the pharmacotherapeutic  complexity; and of drug-drug interactions were also among the goals of the  study.

Method: This was a multi-center, cross-sectional observational study that  included persons living with HIV aged 65 years or more who were on active  antiretroviral treatment.

Concordance between pharmacotherapeutic complexity calculated and perceived by HIV+ patients with antiretroviral treatment.

Objective: To determine the difference between the pharmacotherapeutic complexity index by Medication Regimen Complexity Index  and it's perceived by patients through a visual analogue scale in patients  HIV+ with antiretroviral treatment.

Method: Prospective, observational study of patients HIV+ > 18 years of age  with stable antiretroviral treatment in the last three months, followed up by  external consultations of pharmaceutical care between October´17 and February ´18. The main variable of the study was the concordance between the median of  the score obtained in the pharmacotherapeutic complexity perceived  by the patients using the visual analog scale whose range of values oscillates between 0-10, categorized in low complexity (0-1) and high  complexity (2-10), and the median of the score obtained for the theoretical  pharmacotherapeutic complexity using the Medication Regimen Complexity  Index tool whose ranges of values oscillate between 1 and infinity, categorized  in low complexity (0-11) and high complexity > 11.

Evaluation of HIV+ patients experience with pharmaceutical care based on AMO-methodology.

Objective: To evaluate the experience of HIV+ patients with pharmaceutical care based on the ability-motivation-opportunity methodology. Method: Cross-sectional, unicentric study. The participants included were HIV+  patients attended during November-2016 and to whom the IEXPAC  questionnaire was conducted.

Effect of a Structured Pharmaceutical Care Intervention Versus Usual Care on Cardiovascular Risk in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy: INFAMERICA Study.

Background: HIV+ patients have increased their life expectancy with a parallel increase in age-associated comorbidities.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of an intensive pharmaceutical care follow-up program in comparison to a traditional model among HIV-infected patients with moderate/high cardiovascular risk.

Method: This was a multicenter, prospective, randomized study of a structured health intervention conducted between January-2014 and June-2015 with 12 months of follow-up at outpatient pharmacy services.