Serological biomarkers for monitoring response to treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children and adolescents.

Key measures to halt the spread of tuberculosis (TB) include early diagnosis, effective treatment, and monitoring disease management. We sought to evaluate the use of serum immunoglobulin levels against antigens present in cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to monitor TB treatment response in children and adolescents with pulmonary (PTB) or extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Blood samples were collected prior to and one, two, and six months following treatment initiation.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FRACTION OF EXHALED NITRIC OXIDE AND SPIROMETRY DATA AND CLINICAL CONTROL OF ASTHMA IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS.

Objective: To evaluate the association between fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) values and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and the level of asthma control, as proposed by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), in asthmatic children and adolescents attended at the National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents Health Fernandes Figueira of Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IFF/FIOCRUZ).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, with a review of medical records of 90 asthmatics between 7 and 17 years old, who were followed up at the IFF/FIOCRUZ Asthma Outpatient Clinic and were referred to perform respiratory function tests (RFT)between March 2013 and September 2014. After classification according to GINA, patients performed complete spirometry and FeNO measurement.

Adenovirus species C detection in children under four years of age with acute bronchiolitis or recurrent wheezing.

Background: Lower respiratory tract viral infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Among viral etiological agents the human Adenovirus (AdV) has been associated to mild or severe respiratory tract infection.

Objective: To detect the presence of human Adenovirus (AdV) in children with acute bronchiolitis or recurrent wheezing, describing their clinical features and determining Adenovirus species and AdV association to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Human Metapneumovirus (MPV) and Parainfluenza virus (PIV).

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica in a 5 year-old girl.

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is considered an orphan disease with exceptional occurrence in children. We report a 5 year old female child who was referred to us with chronic cough and recurrent pneumonia. After several investigations, bronchoscopy showed multiple nodules in the tracheobronchial lumen, whose distribution was consistent with TO.

Characteristics of children hospitalized with dengue fever in an outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

During a dengue epidemic in Rio de Janeiro in 2007-2008 the Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira Hospital was a reference for admitted children. The World Health Organization (WHO) considered several manifestations as warning signs of severe dengue This is a retrospective cohort study of all children admitted with dengue fever. Clinical variables considered warning signs by WHO were evaluated in the multivariate analysis, to investigate if they were independently associated with severe dengue.