Understanding the Interaction of Potassium Salts with an Ilmenite Oxygen Carrier Under Dry and Wet Conditions.

This study describes how potassium salts representative of those in bio ash affect the reactivity of the oxygen carrier ilmenite under moist and dry conditions. Ilmenite is a bench-mark oxygen carrier for chemical-looping combustion, a technique that can separate CO from flue gases with minimal energy penalty. Different potassium salts were mixed with ilmenite to a concentration of 4 wt % potassium.

On-line microcolumn-based dynamic leaching method for investigation of lead bioaccessibility in shooting range soils.

In this work, a miniaturized flow-through leaching test is presented for rapid screening of potential chemical extractants to explore the bioaccessibility of lead (Pb) in contaminated shooting range soils in Valkeala, Finland. The method combines the versatility of microcolumn-based extraction methods with on-line inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) analysis for expedient assessment of the magnitude of the bioaccessible pools and the leaching kinetics of lead from polluted soils under variable physicochemical scenarios. Acids and salt solutions were studied as potential extractants.

Potential for thermochemical conversion of biomass residues from the integrated sugar-ethanol process - Fate of ash and ash-forming elements.

In this work, potential for thermochemical conversion of biomass residues from an integrated sugar-ethanol process and the fate of ash and ash-forming elements in the process are presented. Ash, ash-forming elements, and energy flows in the process were determined using mass balances and analyses of eight different biomass samples for ash contents, elemental compositions, and heating values. The results show that the ash content increases from the sugarcane to the final residue, vinasse.