Effects of immunosuppressive drugs on COVID-19 severity in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.

Background: We investigated associations between baseline use of immunosuppressive drugs and severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).

Patients And Methods: Data of AIH patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were retrospectively collected from 15 countries. The outcomes of AIH patients who were on immunosuppression at the time of COVID-19 were compared to patients who were not on AIH medication.

Role of Self-Association and Supersaturation in Oral Absorption of a Poorly Soluble Weakly Basic Drug.

Purpose: Precipitation of weakly basic drugs in intestinal fluids can affect oral drug absorption. In this study, the implications of self-association of brivanib alaninate in acidic aqueous solution, leading to supersaturation at basic pH condition, on its solubility and oral absorption were investigated.

Methods: Self-association of brivanib alaninate was investigated by proton NMR spectroscopy, surface tension measurement, dynamic light scattering, isothermal titration calorimetry, and molecular modeling.

Calm, irritated or infected? The experience of the inflammatory states and symptoms of pin site infection and irritation during external fixation: a grounded theory study.

Aim: To explore patients' experiences of the symptoms of suspected wound infection in external fixator pin sites.

Background: Pin site infection is painful and distressing and can threaten the success of treatment. It is difficult for patients and clinicians to differentiate between pin site infection and irritation or foreign body reaction to the pin.

Differing time dependencies of object recognition memory impairments produced by nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic antagonism in perirhinal cortex.

The roles of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors in perirhinal cortex in object recognition memory were compared. Rats' discrimination of a novel object preference test (NOP) test was measured after either systemic or local infusion into the perirhinal cortex of the nicotinic receptor antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA), which targets alpha-7 (α7) amongst other nicotinic receptors or the muscarinic receptor antagonists scopolamine, AFDX-384, and pirenzepine. Methyllycaconitine administered systemically or intraperirhinally before acquisition impaired recognition memory tested after a 24-h, but not a 20-min delay.

The principles of caring for patients with Ilizarov external fixation.

External fixation is an important aspect of complex fracture management. Ilizarov fixation is a specialised type of external fixator consisting of numerous wires that penetrate the limb and are attached to a circular metal frame. Ilizarov fixation is used for fracture fixation and stabilisation, limb reconstruction, deformity correction and limb lengthening.