Surgical anatomical landmarks for arthroscopic repair of subscapularis tendon tears.

Background: Subscapularis repair has recently garnered significant interest. A thorough understanding of the tendon's anatomy is essential for precise and safe repair. Our objectives were to describe the anatomy of the subscapularis insertion, define its landmarks, and analyze nearby structures to guide arthroscopic repair.

Infraspinatus atrophy due to Bennett lesion causing suprascapular nerve palsy.

We report the case of a 19-year-old professional volleyball player who presented with right shoulder pain exacerbated during sports activity. On physical examination, infraspinatus atrophy was evident. As the clinical setting suggested suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome, shoulder MR and later CT were performed.

Risk of neurological injury in posterior bone block surgery for recurrent glenohumeral instability: a cadaveric study.

Introduction: Recurrent posterior glenohumeral instability poses a challenge for treatment. Bone block procedures have been advocated in cases where a bony defect is present. However, these techniques are not free of complications due to the proximity of neurovascular structures.

Physical Exam and Evaluation of the Unstable Shoulder.

Background: The clinical evaluation of the patient with shoulder instability can be challenging. The pathological spectrum ranges from the straightforward "recurrent anterior dislocation" patient to the overhead athlete with a painful shoulder but not clear instability episodes. Advances in shoulder arthroscopy and imaging have helped in understanding the anatomy and physiopathology of the symptoms.

Management of Humeral Defects in Anterior Shoulder Instability.

Background: A Hill Sachs lesion is a posterior-superior bony defect of the humeral head caused by a compression of the hard glenoid rim against the soft cancellous bone in the context of an anterior instability episode. The presence of these humeral defects increases with the number of dislocations and larger lesions are associated with a greater chance of development of recurrent instability and recurrence after surgery. Also its location and pattern, in particular the so-called engaging Hill-Sachs, are associated with poor prognosis.

Clinical outcome and prognostic factors of revision arthroscopic rotator cuff tear repair.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of arthroscopic rotator cuff revision surgery in a cohort of patients and to identify prognostic factors for this procedure.

Methods: Fifty-one consecutive patients undergoing revision arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were prospectively followed over a minimum period of one year. Radiologic findings and clinical data regarding primary and revision surgery were collected.

Acute Pectoralis Major Rupture Captured on Video.

Pectoralis major (PM) ruptures are uncommon injuries, although they are becoming more frequent. We report a case of a PM rupture in a young male who presented with axillar pain and absence of the anterior axillary fold after he perceived a snap while lifting 200 kg in the bench press. Diagnosis of PM rupture was suspected clinically and confirmed with imaging studies.

All-Suture Transosseous Repair for Rotator Cuff Tear Fixation Using Medial Calcar Fixation.

We describe an all-suture transosseous repair technique used in the management of rotator cuff tears by means of an all-suture anchor secured on the intra-articular side of the humeral calcar. The technique uses an anterior cruciate ligament guide to ensure accurate positioning of the tunnels, avoiding the articular cartilage and minimizing risk to the neurovascular structures. The distal end of the guide is inserted through a rotator interval portal and passed down to the axillary pouch.

Stem cell therapy in the management of shoulder rotator cuff disorders.

Rotator cuff tears are frequent shoulder problems that are usually dealt with surgical repair. Despite improved surgical techniques, the tendon-to-bone healing rate is unsatisfactory due to difficulties in restoring the delicate transitional tissue between bone and tendon. It is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms that determine this failure.

Application of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in a rat rotator cuff repair model.

Introduction: Healing tissue of the rotator cuff does not regenerate the native enthesis; fibrovascular scar tissue is formed instead and this has less favourable biomechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to determine if the application of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) could improve biomechanical and histological properties of the repair.

Material And Methods: Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats underwent detachment and repair of the supraspinatus tendon, 32 for the biomechanical study and 18 for the histological examination.