The topical application of different galenic formulations can alter the thermographic images of skin: Limitations for public thermal screening on infection control situations.

Background: To analyze whether the application of topical formulas as cosmetics or sunscreens could affect the skin thermographic readings in terms of infection control in pandemic situations.

Methods: The temperature of the skin of the dorsal region of the back and the face of 20 volunteers was followed after the application of 6 different types of gels, sunscreens, and make-up under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. High-resolution thermographic images were analyzed to calculate the temperature of treated skin compared to skin free of topical products.

Correlation between UV Index, Temperature and Humidity with Respect to Incidence and Severity of COVID 19 in Spain.

Background: Various studies support the inverse correlation between solar exposure and Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection. In Spain, from the Canary Islands to the northern part of the country, the global incidence of COVID-19 is different depending on latitude, which could be related to different meteorological conditions such as temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet index (UVI). The objective of the present work was to analyze the association between UVI, other relevant environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, and the incidence, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 at different latitudes in Spain.

Ultraviolet exposure of competitors during a Tokyo Olympic Sailing Regatta Test Event.

Background: Overexposure to sunlight is the main cause of skin cancer. Photoprotection practices and sunburn play a crucial role in skin cancer prevention.

Objectives: This study aimed to quantify the risk of sun exposure and to evaluate photoprotection practices in Spanish sailors during Olympic competitions.

Sun-protective Properties of Technical Sportswear Fabrics 100% Polyester: The Influence of Moisture and Sweat on Protection against Different Biological Effects of Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation.

The use of technical sportswear is now widespread, but the degree of protection these fabrics offer against UV radiation is not known. We have analyzed the capacity of different types of technical sportswear fabrics to protect against different UV biological effects. A sample of 34 100% polyester t-shirts from different manufactures was classified by color, fabric structure, cover factor, and due to different tonalities, dark, and clear color.

The potential role of UV and blue light from the sun, artificial lighting, and electronic devices in melanogenesis and oxidative stress.

Our exposure to blue light from artificial sources such as indoor lights (mainly light-emitting diodes [LEDs]) and electronic devices (e.g., smartphones, computer monitors, and television screens), has increased in recent years, particularly during the recent coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown.

Analysis and evaluation of the operational characteristics of a new photodynamic therapy device.

One of the key aspects of photodynamic therapy is the light source that is used to irradiate the lesion to be treated. The devices used must ensure that their emission spectrum matches the absorption spectrum of the photosensitizer, so that treatment radiation is delivered only on the target area, without irradiating healthy tissue at superficial or deep levels. Irradiance values must be adequate in order to avoid thermal damage, exceed the oxygen replenishment rate and avoid long treatment times.

Booster Effect of a Natural Extract of (Fernblock®) That Improves the UV Barrier Function and Immune Protection Capability of Sunscreen Formulations.

Novel approaches to photoprotection must go beyond classical MED measurements, as discoveries on the effect of UV radiation on skin paints a more complex and multi-pronged scenario with multitude of skin cell types involved. Of these, photoimmunoprotection emerges as a crucial factor that protects against skin cancer and photoaging. A novel immune parameter is enabled by the precise knowledge of the wavelength and dose of solar radiation that induces photoimmunosupression.

Effect of Nail Thickness on Visible Radiation Transmittance: Implications for New Photodynamic Therapy Technologies in Onychomycosis.

Photodynamic therapy is taking importance as a nonintrusive treatment for nail onychomycosis. Knowledge of true transmittance values across nails could lead to qualitative and quantitative improvements in light-based treatments. We have characterized the spectral transmittance of healthy and fungally infected human fingernails and toenails according to nail thickness, and we propose a surface transmittance model for the small-scale optimization of light-based treatments.

UVA and UVB Photoprotective Capabilities of Topical Formulations Containing Mycosporine-like Amino Acids (MAAs) through Different Biological Effective Protection Factors (BEPFs).

The safety and stability of synthetic UV-filters and the procedures for evaluating the photoprotective capability of commercial sunscreens are under continuous review. The influence of pH and temperature stressors on the stability of certain Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) isolated at high purity levels was examined. MAAs were highly stable at room temperature during 24 h at pH 4.

Water-Filtered Infrared Radiation Decreases the Generation of Photodermatoses Dependent on Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation.

The potential role of infrared radiation in photodermatoses has received very little attention, even though the main sources of radiation used for photobiological studies (UVA, UVB and visible light) include infrared radiation. The objective of the work was to assess whether infrared radiation is involved in the development of skin lesions in patients with different types of photodermatoses. Twenty patients with different photodermatoses were exposed to UVA, UVB and visible radiation using a high-pressure mercury UVA lamp, a fluorescent broadband UVB lamp, a tungsten bulb and a slide projector for visible radiation.

Infrared radiation increases skin damage induced by other wavelengths in solar urticaria.

Background: Photodermatoses are typically investigated by analyzing the individual or combined effects of ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB), and visible light using light sources that simulate portions of the solar spectrum. Infrared radiation (IRR), however, accounts for 53% of incident solar radiation, but its effects are not taken into account in standard phototest protocols.

Aims: The aim was to analyze the effects of IRR, alone and combined with UVA and visible light on solar urticaria lesions, with a distinction between infrared A (IRA) and infrared B (IRB).

Human Hair as a Natural Sun Protection Agent: A Quantitative Study.

The rising incidence of skin cancers attributable to excessive sun exposure has become a major health concern worldwide. While numerous studies have analyzed the sun protective effect of sunscreens, clothing and antioxidants, none to date have measured the photoprotective effect of hair, despite clinical evidence that individuals with balding or thinning hair are at greater risk of skin lesions that can progress to cancer, hence the recommendation to use hats or umbrellas. We analyzed the level of protection offered by hair according to hair density, thickness and color using the spectral transmittance and corrected for relative erythema effectiveness.

New advances in protection against solar ultraviolet radiation in textiles for summer clothing.

Clothing is considered one of the most important tools for photoprotection against harmful solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The standard for sun-protective clothing is based on erythema despite other biological effects of UVR on the skin. We analyzed the potential protection against UVR in fabrics destined for summer clothing based on several action spectra.

Changes in photoinduced cutaneous erythema with topical application of a combination of vitamins C and E before and after UV exposure.

Background: Ultraviolet radiation is harmful for human skin, and photodamaging pathologies such as actinic erythema, are formerly described as a consequence of UV direct effect on DNA and indirectly by local immune reactions. However, the degree of participation of oxidative stress in actinic erythema and the role of antioxidants in photoprotection are still not fully understood.

Objective: To evaluate the possible palliative role of a combination of the antioxidants vitamins C and E in human cutaneous erythema when applied topically before and after UV exposure.

Presence of Leishmania organisms in specific and non-specific skin lesions in HIV-infected individuals with visceral leishmaniasis.

Background: Leishmania coinfection is frequently seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in endemic areas, and from time to time the protozoan is detected in cutaneous biopsies.

Objective: To establish the characteristics and possible ethiologic role of the presence of Leishmania in these lesions.

Methods: We studied 12 cutaneous biopsies with Leishmania organisms from nine HIV-infected patients (seven men and two women) with visceral leishmaniasis, diagnosed by bone marrow examination, seen over a period of 9 years.