[Outline of the history of caesarean section – from ancient times to the end of 17th Century].

Problems with the childbirth accompanied the human civilization since its beginning. From the ancient times, physicians and other people specializing in healing, tried to help women in this special moment of life. At the base of this exceptional meaning of childbirth for humans lies the fact, that if something is going wrong there are two victims - mother and the child.

The role of outdoor activity in the development of myopia in schoolchildren.

Introduction: The aim of our study was to examine whether outdoor activity influences the prevalence of myopia in schoolchildren.

Materials And Methods: 5601 Polish students of elementary and secondary schools (2688 boys and 2913 girls), 6–18 years of age (mean 11.9 ±3.

Does the month of birth influence the prevalence of refractive errors?

Purpose: The aim of our study was to examine whether the month of birth influences the prevalence of refractive errors.

Material And Methods: A total of 5,601 schoolchildren were examined (2,688 boys and 2,913 girls, aged 6-18 years, mean age 11.9, SD 3.

The effect of genetic factors on the occurrence of myopia.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate on a large population if and how genetic factors have an influence on the occurrence of myopia.

Material And Methods: A total of 5533 students were examined (2659 boys and 2874 girls, in age 6 18 years, mean age 11.9, S.

Reading, writing, working on a computer or watching television, and myopia.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to investigate on a large population if reading, writing, working on a computer or watching television might be associated with the occurrence of myopia.

Material And Methods: A total of 5865 schoolchildren were examined (2792 boys and 3073 girls, at the age 6-18 years, mean age 11.9, S.

Does a correlation exist between myopia and dental caries?

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the coexistence of myopia and dental caries.

Material And Methods: 900 children from Elementary School No 3 in Szczecin, Poland were examined (443 boys and 457 girls, aged 7-13 years, mean age 10, SD = 2). The pupils were Caucasian and resided in or near Szczecin.

Prevalence of refractive errors in schoolchildren ranging from 6 to 18 years of age.

Purpose: The aim of the paper was to study the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism in schoolchildren ranging from 6-18 years of age.

Material And Methods: 5724 children from elementary schools, junior high schools and high schools were examined (2765 boys and 2959 girls, aged 6-18 years, mean age 11.7, SD = 3.

Role of gender in the occurrence of refractive errors.

Purpose: The aim of the paper was to study the role of gender in the occurrence of refractive errors in schoolchildren ranging from 6-18 years of age.

Material And Methods: 5865 children from elementary schools, junior high schools and high schools were examined (2845 boys, aged 6-18 years, mean age 11.4, SD = 3.