RaTexT®: a novel rapid tick exposure test for detecting acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in Brazil.

Background: Acaricide resistance in cattle ticks is a significant concern in (sub)tropical regions, particularly Brazil. The Larval Packet Test (LPT) is the standard laboratory bioassay for resistance diagnosis, which requires triplicates of seven acaricidal dilutions plus controls to cover larval mortalities ranging between 0 and 100%. The value of the LPT lies in providing resistance ratios based on the ratio between the LC50 calculated with potentially resistant and susceptible ticks.

Day 3 parasitemia and Plasmodium falciparum Kelch 13 mutations among uncomplicated malaria patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine in Adjumani district, Uganda.

Artemisinin resistance threatens malaria control and elimination efforts globally. Recent studies have reported the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites tolerant to artemisinin agents in sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda. The current study assessed the day 3 parasite clearance and its correlation with P.

Day 3 parasitemia and mutations among uncomplicated malaria patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine in Adjumani district, Uganda.

Artemisinin resistance threatens malaria control and elimination efforts globally. Recent studies have reported the emergence of parasites tolerant to artemisinin agents in sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda. The current study assessed the day 3 parasite clearance and its correlation with propeller gene () mutations in parasites isolated from patients with uncomplicated malaria under artemether-lumefantrine (AL) treatment.

Tick-borne Pathogen Detection and Its Association with Alterations in Packed Cell Volume of Dairy Cattle in Thailand.

Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) massively impact bovine production. In endemic countries, animals are often subclinically infected, showing no signs of the illness. Anemia is a hallmark of TBDs, but there is inadequate information on its presence in infected Thai cattle.

Control of ticks and tick-borne diseases in Africa through improved diagnosis and utilisation of data on acaricide resistance.

A meeting, sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and organised by Clinglobal, was held at The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) in Nairobi, Kenya, from 19th - to 21st October 2022. The meeting assembled a unique group of experts on tick control in Africa. Academia, international agencies (FAO and ILRI), the private Animal Health sector and government veterinary services were represented.

Molecular Characterization of Octopamine/Tyramine Receptor Gene of Amitraz-Resistant () Ticks from Uganda.

We previously reported the emergence of amitraz-resistant () ticks in the western region of Uganda. This study characterized the octopamine/tyramine receptor gene (OCT/Tyr) of amitraz-resistant and -susceptible (.) ticks from four regions of Uganda.

First Molecular Identification of , , and in Goats from the Philippines.

Goats are key livestock animals and goat raising is an income-generating venture for smallholder farmers, supporting agricultural development in many parts of the world. However, goat production is often limited by various factors, such as tick-borne diseases. Goat piroplasmosis is a disease caused by apicomplexan parasites spp.

A Survey of Tick Infestation and Tick-Borne Piroplasm Infection of Cattle in Oudalan and Séno Provinces, Northern Burkina Faso.

In this study, cattle farms located in Oudalan and Séno, two provinces in the Sahel region, northern Burkina Faso, were surveyed. Cattle owners were interviewed, cattle were examined for tick infestation, and ticks as well as blood samples were collected during the dry season (October). Blood DNA samples were tested for and infections using nested PCRs and sequencing.

Discovering the Potent Inhibitors Against and by Repurposing the Natural Product Compounds.

In the present study, we screened 502 natural product compounds against the growth of (.) . Then, the novel and potent identified compounds were further evaluated for their efficacies using viability and cytotoxicity assays.

A survey on equine tick-borne diseases: The molecular detection of Babesia ovis DNA in Turkish racehorses.

Common vector-borne diseases of horses include equine piroplasmosis (EP) caused by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi, and equine granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA) caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Equine piroplasmosis leads to severe health issues in horses and restrictions on the movement of horses internationally. Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes an acute febrile illness in horses and is also of zoonotic importance.

Molecular detection of selected tick-borne pathogens infecting cattle at the wildlife-livestock interface of Queen Elizabeth National Park in Kasese District, Uganda.

In Uganda, ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) pose a big challenge to farmers. They reduce cattle productivity and cause severe economic damage. Several studies have documented the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in cattle; however, their genetic characteristics and the role of wildlife-livestock interaction in the epidemiology of the TBDs are not well documented.

A retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic and spp. isolates from poultry in Uganda.

There are increasing reports of antimicrobial treatment failures for bacterial diseases of poultry in Uganda. The paucity of data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of pathogenic bacteria in Uganda is a major setback to AMR control. This study investigated the occurrence of fowl typhoid, colibacillosis, and AMR in associated pathogens from 2012 to 2018.

Serological Survey of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis in Cattle and Water Buffaloes from Menoufia Province, Egypt.

Purpose: Bovine babesiosis causes morbidity in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Babesia bigemina and B. bovis in cattle and water buffaloes in Menoufia province, where the second-highest population of bovines in Lower Egypt are raised.

:Δ Live Attenuated Strain Induces Protective Immunity Against Acute and Chronic Toxoplasmosis.

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the obligate intracellular protozoa , which threatens a range of warm-blooded mammals including humans. To date, it remains a challenge to find safe and effective drug treatment or vaccine against toxoplasmosis. In this study, our results found that the development of a mutant strain based on gene disruption of dense granule protein 9 (gra9) in type II PLK strain decreased parasite replication , severely attenuated virulence in mice, and significantly reduced the formation of cysts in animals.

Impact of using pyronaridine tetraphosphate- based combination therapy in the treatment of babesiosis caused by Babesia bovis, B. caballi, and B. gibsoni in vitro and B. microti in mice.

The inhibitory efficacies of pyronaridine tetraphosphate (PYR), when used in combination with two novel and potent antibabesial drugs; clofazimine (CF), and MMV396693 were evaluated in the current study against the growth of Babesia bovis, B. caballi, and B. gibsoni in vitro and B.

First Molecular Detection of , spp., spp., and in Goats from Western Uganda.

Ticks and tick-borne diseases are major impediments to livestock production. To date, there have been several studies on the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in cattle, but very few studies have documented TBPs in goats in Uganda. In this study, polymerase chain reaction assays and sequence analysis of different molecular markers were used to assess the presence and genetic characteristics of TBPs in 201 goats from Kasese district in western Uganda.

First Molecular Detection and Characterization of Hemotropic Species in Cattle and Goats from Uganda.

Hemoplasmas (hemotropic mycoplasmas) are small pleomorphic bacteria that parasitize the surface of red blood cells of several mammalian species including cattle, goats, and humans, causing infectious anemia. However, studies on hemoplasmas have been neglected and to date, there are no studies on bovine and caprine hemoplasmas in Uganda or the entire East African region. In this study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene was used to investigate the presence of hemoplasma in 409 samples (cattle = 208; goats = 201) collected from Kasese district, western Uganda.

Molecular characterization of tick-borne bacteria and protozoans in yaks (Bos grunniens), Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) and Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area, China.

Due to the specific plateau climate, a variety of unique animals live in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area (QTPA) including yaks (Bos grunniens), Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) and Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus). However, information on tick-borne diseases (TBDs) in the QTPA and on the molecular characteristics of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in the area is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate Anaplasma spp.

Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens harbored by ticks collected from livestock in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Ticks carry and transmit a wide range of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, and protozoa) that are of importance to humans and animals globally. However, information about the tick-borne pathogens harbored by ticks in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), northwestern China, is scarce. This study investigated the occurrence of tick species of domestic animals and tick-borne pathogens by using morphological molecular identification and sequence analysis in Turpan, Qitai, Altay, Hejing, Nileke, and Zhaosu counties (XUAR).

Molecular detection and characterization of tick-borne haemoparasites among cattle on Zanzibar Island, Tanzania.

Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are serious constraints to livestock production in Tanzania and other tropical and subtropical countries and impact the livelihoods of resource-poor farming communities in the region. In Tanzania, detailed studies on tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in cattle using sensitive molecular detection methods are scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and species composition of bovine TBPs in cattle kept in Zanzibar Island.

First detection of Anaplasma ovis in sheep and Anaplasma platys-like variants from cattle in Menoufia governorate, Egypt.

Tick-borne diseases are of global economic importance, especially due to the costs associated with disease treatment and productivity losses in livestock. In this study, 244 livestock animals (cattle N = 92, buffaloes N = 86 and sheep N = 66) from Menoufia, Egypt were tested for Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Babesia species using PCR. Results revealed detection of A.

Molecular survey of tick-borne pathogens infecting backyard cattle and water buffaloes in Quezon province, Philippines.

Tick-borne diseases (TBD) cause enormous losses for farmers. Backyard raising comprises majority of the livestock population in the Philippines, but TBD information in backyard livestock is scarce. In this study, 48 cattle and 114 water buffalo samples from Quezon province, Philippines were molecularly screened for tick-borne pathogens.

Molecular Detection and Assessment of Risk Factors for Tick-Borne Diseases in Sheep and Goats from Turkey.

Background: Tick-borne diseases mainly, theileriosis, babesiosis and anaplasmosis cause significant economic losses in livestock globally, including Turkey. The tick-borne pathogens of small ruminants in Turkey have been studied widely but information on molecular characterization and disease occurrence is still limited.

Methods: In this study, both microscopy and molecular detection and characterization for Theileria spp.

Human Spotted Fever Group Infecting Yaks () in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area.

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area (QTPA) is a plateau with the highest average altitude, located in Northwestern China. There is a risk for interspecies disease transmission, such as spotted fever rickettsioses. However, information on the molecular characteristics of the spotted fever group (SFG) spp.