Unlocking the potential of organoids in cancer treatment and translational research: An application of cytologic techniques.

Patient-derived organoid models hold promise for advancing clinical cancer research, including diagnosis and personalized and precision medicine approaches, and cytology, in particular, plays a pivotal role in this process. These three-dimensional multicellular structures are heterogeneous, potentially maintain the cancer phenotype, and conserve the genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic patterns of the parental tumors. To ensure that only tumor tissue is used for organoid development, cytologic validation is necessary before initiating the process of organoid generation.

Temporomandibular Joint Fibrocartilage Contains CD105 Positive Mouse Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells with Increased Chondrogenic Potential.

Objective: A specific type of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs), CD105 is reported to aid in cartilage regeneration through TGF-β/Smad2-signalling. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize CD105 MSPCs in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) cartilage.

Materials And Methods: MSPCs were isolated from mouse TMJ condyle explants and evaluated for their clonogenicity and pluripotential abilities.

Chondrogenic differentiation of mouse CD105+ stem/progenitor cells on amino-group-functionalized biosilica-hydrogel scaffolds.

Objectives: Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) are critical for tissue regeneration. Moreover, the CD105 antigen identifies early MSPCs with increased chondrogenic differentiation ability. We hypothesized that amine-(NH)-functionalized biosilica incorporating hydrogel scaffolds, seeded with mCoSPCs would contribute to creating tissue-engineered scaffolds, capable of de novo cartilage synthesis.

Detection of EWSR1 fusions in CCOC by targeted RNA-seq.

Objective: To describe the application of a targeted RNA sequencing assay to detect fusion transcripts in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), non-decalcified samples of clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) and related tumors, and to add to knowledge of the genetic drivers of CCOC.

Study Design: Five FFPE tissues, including intraosseous CCOC (n = 3), clear cell carcinoma of the salivary gland (CCC, n = 1), and Ewing sarcoma (ES, n = 1), were analyzed by targeted RNA-seq to detect fusions.

Results: The 3 intraosseous CCOC samples harbored EWSR1 translocations: EWSR1-ATF1 (n = 2) and EWSR1-CREM (n = 1); the CCC sample contained an EWSR1-ATF1 fusion; and the ES sample contained an EWSR1-FLI1 fusion detected by RNA-seq.

Increased Osteogenic Activity of Dynamic Cultured Composite Bone Scaffolds: Characterization and In Vitro Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds, with 2 different ratios (50/50% and 65/35%), using 3-dimensionally (3D) printed dissolvable molds, and to evaluate cellular growth and osteogenic differentiation of both groups seeded with porcine bone marrow stem cells (pBMSCs) under dynamic culture in vitro.

Materials And Methods: Two different groups of scaffolds were produced: group 1 (n = 40) with a ratio (wt%) of 50/50% and group 2 (n = 40) with 65/35% of β-TCP/PCL. Physicochemical, morphological, and mechanical characterization of the scaffolds were performed.

A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Incidences of Complications Following Facial Thread-Lifting.

Background: Facial thread-lifting (FTL) has gained more popularity, but the incidences of complications following FTL remain controversial. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis and systematic review to estimate the incidences of complications and to compare the short- and long-term satisfaction rates following FTL.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane library for eligible studies.

Impact of Zika virus on the human type I interferon osteoimmune response.

Background: The developing field of osteoimmunology supports importance of an interferon (IFN) response pathway in osteoblasts. Clarifying osteoblast-IFN interactions is important because IFN is used as salvage anti-tumor therapy but systemic toxicity is high with variable clinical results. In addition, osteoblast response to systemic bursts and disruptions of IFN pathways induced by viral infection may influence bone remodeling.

Do Graduating Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery Residents Feel Confident in Practicing the Full Scope of the Specialty?

Purpose: Laskin (2008) suggested that the core of oral and maxillofacial surgery could be divided into 3 levels: 1) areas of expertise, such as oral pathology, oral medicine, dentoalveolar surgery, preprosthetic surgery, and maxillofacial traumatology; 2) areas of competence, including orthognathic surgery, temporomandibular joint surgery, and local reconstructive surgery; and 3) areas of familiarity that include cleft lip and palate surgery, craniofacial surgery, regional reconstructive surgery, oncologic surgery, and cosmetic surgery. The purpose of this study is to assess residents' confidence in practicing the full scope of oral-maxillofacial surgery and their perception of gaps existing in their training. The investigators hypothesized that graduating residents' confidence in practicing the full scope of oral-maxillofacial surgery falls within the suggested levels by Laskin.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Primary Jaw Lesions at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Purpose: To review the demographic data, presenting symptoms, location, radiographic findings, treatment, and prognosis of pediatric jaw lesions in children treated at a single academic institution.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective medical record review was undertaken of patients younger than 18 years who presented to the Massachusetts General Hospital for Children between 2006 and 2018 with a primary jaw lesion.

Results: About 164 patients were identified.

Induction, Treatment, and Prevention of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis-A Systematic Review of Comparative Animal Studies.

Purpose: Several animal models of temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) have been described for more than the past 2 decades. The aim of this study was 2-fold: 1) to compile and summarize the evidence of animal studies that compare different forms to induce, treat (disease already established), or prevent (after trauma) TMJA; and 2) to address the following focused question: what is the quality of reporting in these studies?

Materials And Methods: A systematic review was conducted. Animal studies conducted up to October 2019 comparing at least 2 procedures to induce, treat (disease already established), or prevent (after trauma) TMJA were considered.

Facial dog bites treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital over a 20-year period.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with facial dog bites and discuss prevention strategies.

Study Design: This is a retrospective analysis of facial dog bites treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) from 1997to 2018. Patients were identified through the Research Patient Data Registry.

Benign Pediatric Jaw Lesions at Massachusetts General Hospital Over 13 Years.

Purpose: To the best of our knowledge, no study has reported pediatric jaw lesions according to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification of head and neck tumors. We reviewed the spectrum of benign pediatric jaw lesions treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital during a 13-year period according to the 2017 WHO classification.

Patients And Methods: We implemented a retrospective cohort study of patients younger than 18 years old with benign bony lesions.

Platform for ergonomic intraoral photodynamic therapy using low-cost, modular 3D-printed components: Design, comfort and clinical evaluation.

Oral cancer prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide, especially in developing countries which lack the medical infrastructure to manage it. For example, the oral cancer burden in India has been identified as a public health crisis. The high expense and logistical barriers to obtaining treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy often result in progression to unmanageable late stage disease with high morbidity.

Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

Advances in technology and specialized instrumentation allow surgeons to study, refine, and modify minimally invasive surgery (MIS) to replace standard operations. This has occurred across many surgical specialties. The benefits of MIS include less swelling, less pain, shorter hospital stay, and faster return to daily activities.

Implant Therapy in Alveolar Cleft Sites.

Dental implant therapy in the non-cleft patient is familiar to most oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Understanding the differences in surgical treatment planning in the cleft patient versus the non-cleft patient is the key to highly functional and esthetic long-term outcomes. CBCT and computer-assisted planning, as well as improved technology in grafting and implant materials, result in excellent outcomes.

The Regenerative Applicability of Bioactive Glass and Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Transformation Perspective.

The conventional applicability of biomaterials in the field of bone tissue engineering takes into consideration several key parameters to achieve desired results for prospective translational use. Hence, several engineering strategies have been developed to model in the regenerative parameters of different forms of biomaterials, including bioactive glass and β-tricalcium phosphate. This review examines the different ways these two materials are transformed and assembled with other regenerative factors to improve their application for bone tissue engineering.

Long-Term Stability of Condylectomy and Costochondral Graft Reconstruction for Treatment of Idiopathic Condylar Resorption.

Purpose: To assess and update long-term outcomes of endoscopic condylectomy and costochondral graft (CCG) reconstruction for treatment of active idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR).

Patients And Methods: This study is a continuation of a retrospective cohort study of patients with active ICR who underwent bilateral condylectomies and CCG reconstruction from 1999 to 2016. Predictor variables were demographic and operative factors.

The Development of Dual-Degree Programs in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Celebrating the 75th Anniversary of the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and the 100th Anniversary of Our Specialty.

The concept and history of dual-degree residency education and training are reviewed.

Long-Term Effects of Distraction Osteogenesis of the Mandible.

Purpose: 1) To assess the fate of the permanent teeth in and adjacent to the regenerate in pediatric patients who underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) and 2) to compare the postoperative growth of the distracted mandible with age- and gender-matched controls.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of children who underwent mandibular DO during the primary or mixed dentition period and before completion of somatic growth (boys aged ≤14 years and girls aged ≤12 years) at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1996 to 2014. From the DO registry, patients were selected who had complete clinical and radiographic records and at least 1 year of follow-up.

Evaluation of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residents' Operative Skills: Feasibility and Engagement Study Using SIMPL Software for a Mobile Phone.

Purpose: There are no universally accepted tools to evaluate operative skills of surgical residents in a timely fashion. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using a smartphone application, SIMPL (System for Improving and Measuring Procedural Learning), developed by a multi-institutional research collaborative, to achieve a high rate of timely operative evaluations and resident communication and to collect performance data. The authors hypothesized that these goals would be achieved because the process is convenient and efficient.

Mandibular Tissue Engineering: Past, Present, Future.

Almost 2 decades ago, the senior author's (M.T.J.