Retinoic acid and TGF-β orchestrate organ-specific programs of tissue residency.

Tissue-resident memory T (T) cells are integral to tissue immunity, persisting in diverse anatomical sites where they adhere to a common transcriptional framework. How these cells integrate distinct local cues to adopt the common T cell fate remains poorly understood. Here, we show that whereas skin T cells strictly require transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) for tissue residency, those in other locations utilize the metabolite retinoic acid (RA) to drive an alternative differentiation pathway, directing a TGF-β-independent tissue residency program in the liver and synergizing with TGF-β to drive T cells in the small intestine.

The global population stru cture of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and its application to an investigation of a rare case of infective endocarditis.

Background: Lacticaseibacillus (formerly Lactobacillus) rhamnosus is widely used in probiotics or food supplements to promote microbiome health and may also be part of the normal microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract. However, it rarely also causes invasive or severe infections in patients. It has been postulated that these infections may originate from probiotics or from endogenous commensal reservoirs.

Phonological ability and neural congruency: Phonological loop or more?

Objective: We explored neural components in Electroencephalography (EEG) signals during a phonological processing task to assess (a) the neural origins of Baddeley's working-memory components contributing to phonological processing, (b) the unitary structure of phonological processing and (c) the neural differences between children with dyslexia (DYS) and controls (CAC).

Methods: EEG data were collected from sixty children (half with dyslexia) while performing the initial- and final- phoneme elision task. We explored a novel machine-learning-based approach to identify the neural components in EEG elicited in response to the two conditions and capture differences between DYS and CAC.

RAN-related neural-congruency: a machine learning approach toward the study of the neural underpinnings of naming speed.

Objective: Naming speed, behaviorally measured via the serial Rapid automatized naming (RAN) test, is one of the most examined underlying cognitive factors of reading development and reading difficulties (RD). However, the unconstrained-reading format of serial RAN has made it challenging for traditional EEG analysis methods to extract neural components for studying the neural underpinnings of naming speed. The present study aims to explore a novel approach to isolate neural components during the serial RAN task that are (a) informative of group differences between children with dyslexia (DYS) and chronological age controls (CAC), (b) improve the power of analysis, and (c) are suitable for deciphering the neural underpinnings of naming speed.

Ocular myasthenia gravis saccades as a measure of extraocular muscle function.

Background: It is important to understand the pathophysiology of ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) to improve treatment.

Aim: To use modern video-oculography to characterise saccadic eye movements in patients with OMG, including anti-AChR, anti-MuSK, anti-LRP4, and seronegative OMG.

Methods: In total, 21 patients with OMG and five age-matched healthy control subjects underwent video-oculography.

Nystagmus in Down Syndrome - a Retrospective Notes Review.

Introduction: Nystagmus has been reported in up to 30% of people with Down Syndrome (DS), and yet is still not well understood. Our study aims to characterise the clinical features of patients with DS and nystagmus.

Methods: A retrospective medical-records review was conducted of all patients with a diagnosis of DS and nystagmus seen at Moorfields Eye Hospital over a ten-year period.

Eye movements elevate crowding in idiopathic infantile nystagmus syndrome.

Idiopathic infantile nystagmus syndrome is a disorder characterised by involuntary eye movements, which leads to decreased acuity and visual function. One such function is visual crowding - a process whereby objects that are easily recognised in isolation become impaired by nearby flankers. Crowding typically occurs in the peripheral visual field, although elevations in foveal vision have been reported in congenital nystagmus, similar to those found with amblyopia.

An Intensive Intervention to Reduce Readmissions for Frequently Hospitalized Patients: the CHAMP Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: A small number of patients are disproportionally readmitted to hospitals. The Complex High Admission Management Program (CHAMP) was established as a multidisciplinary program to improve continuity of care and reduce readmissions for frequently hospitalized patients.

Objective: To compare hospital utilization metrics among patients enrolled in CHAMP and usual care.

The Use of Botulinum Toxin in a Case of Acquired Periodic Alternating Nystagmus.

Aim: To describe a case of acquired Periodic Alternating Nystagmus (PAN) with oscillopsia treated with botulinum toxin injections into four horizontal rectus muscles.

Method: A 22-year-old woman presented with sudden onset PAN. The only abnormality found following extensive investigations was bilateral superior cerebellar peduncle atrophy on MRI.

One year outcomes of treat and extend and pro re nata (PRN) treatment regimens with aflibercept for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Purpose: To compare the 1-year outcomes of treat-and-extend and pro re nata (PRN) treatment regimens with aflibercept for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), by the means of visual acuity (VA), frequency of recurrence of polypoidal lesions and developed fibrosis, and the number of intravitreal injections, and thus to determine which one is preferable in the maintenance phase in PCV.

Methods: In our prospective study, only naive and previously untreated PCV patients were included. Initially one session of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and three monthly intravitreal injections of 2.

Prospective Study of the Phenotypic and Mutational Spectrum of Ocular Albinism and Oculocutaneous Albinism.

Albinism encompasses a group of hereditary disorders characterized by reduced or absent ocular pigment and variable skin and/or hair involvement, with syndromic forms such as Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and Chédiak-Higashi syndrome. Autosomal recessive oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is phenotypically and genetically heterogenous (associated with seven genes). X-linked ocular albinism (OA) is associated with only one gene, .

Novel Biallelic Variants and Phenotypic Features in Patients with -Related Foveal Hypoplasia.

Biallelic pathogenic variants in solute carrier family 38 member 8, , cause a pan-ocular autosomal recessive condition known as foveal hypoplasia 2, FVH2, characterised by foveal hypoplasia, nystagmus and optic nerve chiasmal misrouting. Patients are often clinically diagnosed with ocular albinism, but foveal hypoplasia can occur in several other ocular disorders. Here we describe nine patients from seven families who had molecularly confirmed biallelic recessive variants in identified through whole genome sequencing or targeted gene panel testing.

Fatal endocarditis in a patient with transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

species may translocate from the gastrointestinal tract into systemic circulation from ingested probiotics or commensal flora. Their pathogenic potential is still debated. endocarditis is a rare entity with only around 120 cases reported in the literature.

The Acute Effect of Meal Timing on the Gut Microbiome and the Cardiometabolic Health of the Host: A Crossover Randomized Control Trial.

Purpose: The interaction of diet with gut microbiome has been implicated in the onset of cardiovascular disease. The gut microbiome displays diurnal rhythms, which may be influenced by meal timing.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the timing of main meal consumption on the microbiome and cardiometabolic biomarkers of the host.

Beyond Visual Acuity: Development of a Simple Test of the Slow-To-See Phenomenon in Children with Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome.

Purpose: Conventional static visual acuity testing profoundly underestimates the impact of infantile nystagmus on functional vision. The slow-to-see phenomenon explains why many patients with nystagmus perform well in non-time restricted acuity tests but experience difficulty in certain situations. This is often observed by parents when their child struggles to recognise familiar faces in crowded scenes.

Nystagmus and optical coherence tomography findings in CNGB3-associated achromatopsia.

Purpose: To describe the nystagmus characteristics of subjects with molecularly confirmed CNGB3-associated achromatopsia and report the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings in these individuals.

Methods: Adults and children with CNGB3-achromatopsia underwent visual acuity testing, ocular motility assessments, video nystagmography, and SD-OCT imaging. Qualitative assessment of foveal structure was performed by grading SD-OCT images into one of five categories.

The Comprehensive Care Plan: A Patient-Centered, Multidisciplinary Communication Tool for Frequently Hospitalized Patients.

Comprehensive care plans are dynamic documents maintained by an interdisciplinary team that contain specific, actionable information for clinicians and staff across multiple care settings. They promote communication and continuity of care by suggesting communication strategies, medical plans, and psychosocial resources. This article describes the structure and development process of comprehensive care plans for frequently hospitalized patients enrolled in a program designed to improve care for this vulnerable population.

Optical Coherence Tomography Findings After Childhood Lensectomy.

Purpose: To explore the impact of childhood lensectomy on posterior segment development.

Methods: Cross-sectional observational study at children's eye clinics at a tertiary referral center in London, UK. We included 45 children age 4 to 16 years with healthy eyes and 38 who had undergone lensectomy.

Functional Quality, Mineral Composition and Biomass Production in Hydroponic Spiny Chicory ( L.) Are Modulated Interactively by Ecotype, Salinity and Nitrogen Supply.

The hydroponic cultivation of spiny chicory ( L.), also known as stamnagathi, allows the development of year-round production. In the current study, two contrasting stamnagathi ecotypes originating from a montane and a coastal-marine habitat were supplied with nutrient solution containing 4 or 16 mM total-N in combination with 0.

Visual functioning in adults with Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome (IINS).

Purpose: IINS is associated with mild/moderate visual impairment, strabismus and compensatory head postures (CHP), which can negatively impact quality of life. Standard visual acuity assessments tend to underestimate the effect of IINS on visual functioning. Published evidence on the effect of INS on quality of life is slowly emerging.

Eye injuries in children - incidence and outcomes: An observational study at a dedicated children's eye casualty.

Purpose: Trauma is an important cause of visual loss in children and may affect their quality of life. Prevention and legislation can reduce the incidence of trauma, and appropriate and timely treatment can improve prognosis. We aimed to describe incidence of eye injuries in children and the adherence to national and local management guidelines.

Childhood Lensectomy Is Associated with Static and Dynamic Reduction in Schlemm Canal Size: A Biomechanical Hypothesis of Glaucoma after Lensectomy.

Purpose: To compare Schlemm canal (SC) and trabecular meshwork (TM) in children with healthy eyes and those with and without glaucoma after lensectomy.

Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

Participants: Fifty children 4 to 16 years of age with healthy eyes and 48 children who underwent lensectomy (124 healthy and 72 postlensectomy eyes).