Bridging the gap between GLP1-receptor agonists and cardiovascular outcomes: evidence for the role of tirzepatide.

Tirzepatide is a new drug targeting glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) receptors. This drug has demonstrated great potential in improving the clinical outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes. It can lead to weight loss, better glycemic control, and reduced cardiometabolic risk factors.

Bone mineral density assessment in patients with cystinuria.

Background: Cystinuria is a rare genetic disease characterized by impaired tubular transport of cystine. Clinical features of cystinuria mainly include nephrolithiasis and its complications, although cystinuric patients may present with other comorbidities. There are currently no data on bone features of patients with cystinuria.

MicroRNA Expression in Endometrial Cancer: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications.

: An extracellular vesicle is part of a class of submicron particles derived from cells, mediating cellular crosstalk through microRNA (miRNA). MiRNA is a group of RNA molecules, each of which consists of 15-22 nucleotides and post-transcriptionally modulates gene expression. The complementary mRNAs-onto which the miRNAs hybridize-are involved in processes such as implantation, tumor suppression, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis that define the entire tumor microenvironment.

Biological, genetic and epigenetic markers in ulcerative colitis.

In this review, we have summarized the existing knowledge of ulcerative colitis (UC) markers based on current literature, specifically, the roles of potential new biomarkers, such as circulating, fecal, genetic, and epigenetic alterations, in UC onset, disease activity, and in therapy response. UC is a complex multifactorial inflammatory disease. There are many invasive and non-invasive diagnostic methods in UC, including several laboratory markers which are employed in diagnosis and disease assessment; however, colonoscopy remains the most widely used method.

Artificial intelligence, big data and heart transplantation: Actualities.

Background: As diagnostic and prognostic models developed by traditional statistics perform poorly in real-world, artificial intelligence (AI) and Big Data (BD) may improve the supply chain of heart transplantation (HTx), allocation opportunities, correct treatments, and finally optimize HTx outcome. We explored available studies, and discussed opportunities and limits of medical application of AI to the field of HTx.

Method: A systematic overview of studies published up to December 31st, 2022, in English on peer-revied journals, have been identified through PUBMED-MEDLINE-WEB of Science, referring to HTx, AI, BD.

Cardiotoxicity, Cardioprotection, and Prognosis in Survivors of Anticancer Treatment Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: Unmet Needs.

Background: Anticancer treatments are improving the prognosis of patients fighting cancer. However, anticancer treatments may also increase the cardiovascular (CV) risk by increasing metabolic disorders. Atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis related to anticancer treatments may lead to ischemic heart disease (IHD), while direct cardiac toxicity may induce non-ischemic heart disease.

Hereditary Cancer Syndrome in a Family with Double Mutation in and Genes.

Hereditary cancer syndromes predispose to several types of cancer due to inherited pathogenic variants in susceptibility genes. We describe the case of a 57-year-old woman, diagnosed with breast cancer, and her family. The proband belongs to a family with a suspected tumor syndrome, due to other cancer cases in her family from the paternal and maternal sides.

Implementation of BRCA mutations testing in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of different cancer types.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are onco-suppressor genes involved in the DNA repair mechanism. The presence of BRCA1/2 mutations confers a higher risk of developing several cancer types. To date, the FDA approved various PARP inhibitors to treat selected BRCA1/2 mutated oncologic patients.

Preliminary Experience of Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer Compared to Conventional Assessment: Light and Shadows.

Purpose: To assess the qualitative relationship between liquid biopsy and conventional tissue biopsy. As a secondary target, we evaluated the relationship between the liquid biopsy results and the T stage, N stage, M stage, and compared to grading. Methods: The Local Ethics Committee of the “Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli”, with the internal resolution number 24997/2020 of 12.

Biochemical predictors of diabetic foot osteomyelitis: A potential diagnostic role for parathormone.

Aims: The aims of this study were to evaluate parathormone (PTH) levels in people with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and investigate the relationship between PTH levels and osteomyelitis (OM) in this population.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-eight patients were admitted for DFU in a tertiary-care centre from October 2021 to May 2022. OM was diagnosed by clinical, laboratory, and radiological evaluations.

Big Data in cardiac surgery: real world and perspectives.

Big Data, and the derived analysis techniques, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, have been considered a revolution in the modern practice of medicine. Big Data comes from multiple sources, encompassing electronic health records, clinical studies, imaging data, registries, administrative databases, patient-reported outcomes and OMICS profiles. The main objective of such analyses is to unveil hidden associations and patterns.

Increased Risk of Hereditary Prostate Cancer in Italian Families with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome Harboring Mutations in and in Other Susceptibility Genes.

Hereditary prostate cancer (HPCa) has the highest heritability of any cancer in men. Interestingly, it occurs in several hereditary syndromes, including breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) and Lynch syndrome (LS). Several gene mutations related to these syndromes have been identified as biomarkers in HPCa.

Antibody levels after BNT162b2 vaccine booster and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection.

In the present study, immunogenicity data in 61 vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) either infection naïve (naïve HCWs) or with infection of Delta and/or Omicron COVID-19 (experienced HCWs) were evaluated up to 270 days after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine and up to 90 days after a booster dose. A decrease in antibody levels at 270 days following administration of the second dose (p = 0.0335) was observed, although values did not fall below the positivity threshold (33.

Comparison between two packages for pectoral muscle removal on mammographic images.

Background: Pectoral muscle removal is a fundamental preliminary step in computer-aided diagnosis systems for full-field digital mammography (FFDM). Currently, two open-source publicly available packages (LIBRA and OpenBreast) provide algorithms for pectoral muscle removal within Matlab environment.

Purpose: To compare performance of the two packages on a single database of FFDM images.

Serological Response to BNT162b2 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: Results From the RHEUVAX Cohort.

Objective: In the light of the current COVID-19 epidemic and the availability of effective vaccines, this study aims to identify factors associated with non-response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as immunological alteration associated with immune rheumatic diseases (IRD) and immunosuppressive medications may impair the response to vaccination.

Methods: Volunteers in the health profession community with IRD, age, and sex-matched controls (CTRL) who underwent vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 were recruited for this study. Anti-Trimeric Spike protein antibodies were assayed eight ± one weeks after the second vaccine dose.

Pancreatic Cancer with Mutation in BRCA1/2, MLH1, and APC Genes: Phenotype Correlation and Detection of a Novel Germline BRCA2 Mutation.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the seventh leading cause of cancer death worldwide; most of cases are sporadic, however about 5% to 10% report a hereditary predisposition. Several hereditary syndromes have been associated with familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) onset, including hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC), Lynch syndrome (LS), Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM), Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), and Hereditary pancreatitis (HP).The aim of this study was to determine the mutational status of a cohort of 56 HBOC families, 7 LS families, 3 FAP and FAMMM families, and 1 LFS family with at least one case of PDAC.

Diagnostic utility of FGF-23 in mineral bone disorder during chronic kidney disease.

Our data confirm that intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (iFGF-23) concentration is increased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and that it increases with disease progression (stages I-V). Therefore, iFGF-23 could be considered an early biomarker in the course of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD), which has several aspects that make it potentially useful in clinical practice. The availability of an automated method for iFGF-23 assay may represent an added value in the management of the patient with CKD-MBD already from the early stages of the disease, before the increase of the routinely used laboratory parameters, 1-84 parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25-OH-vitamin D (25-OH-vitD), which occur in more advanced stages of the disease.

Effects of novel SGLT2 inhibitors on cancer incidence in hyperglycemic patients: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Epidemiological evidence shows that diabetic patients have an increased cancer risk and a higher mortality rate. Glucose could play a central role in metabolism and growth of many tumor types, and this possible mechanism is supported by the high rate of glucose demand and uptake in cancer. Thus, growing evidence suggests that hyperglycemia contributes to cancer progression but also to its onset.

Evaluation of neutralizing antibodies after vaccine BNT162b2: Preliminary data.

It is well-known that the Coronavirus Disease 2019, which is caused by the beta-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in December 2019 followed by an outbreak first reported in Wuhan, China. Thus far, vaccination appears to be the only way to bring the pandemic to an end. In the present study, immunogenicity data was evaluated using LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay (DiaSorin S.

DNA methylation and breast cancer: A way forward (Review).

The current management of breast cancer (BC) lacks specific non‑invasive biomarkers able to provide an early diagnosis of the disease. Epigenetic‑sensitive signatures are influenced by environmental exposures and are mediated by direct molecular mechanisms, mainly guided by DNA methylation, which regulate the interplay between genetic and non‑genetic risk factors during cancerogenesis. The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes due to promoter hypermethylation is an early event in carcinogenesis.

Cardiac Toxicity Associated with Cancer Immunotherapy and Biological Drugs.

Cancer immunotherapy significantly contributed to an improvement in the prognosis of cancer patients. Immunotherapy, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T), share the characteristic to exploit the capabilities of the immune system to kill cancerous cells. Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody against HER2 that prevents HER2-mediated signaling; it is administered mainly in HER2-positive cancers, such as breast, colorectal, biliary tract, and non-small-cell lung cancers.

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Autoimmunity in Patients Treated with Anti-PD-1 and Anti-PD-L1 Antibodies.

Background: Autoimmune hypophysitis is a frequent immune-related adverse event (irAE) in cancer patients treated with immunecheckpoint inhibitors. Studies seeking anti-pituitary (APA) and anti-hypothalamus (AHA) antibodies in patients treated with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 are scarce. The aim of this study is to search for APA and AHA and related pituitary dysfunction in patients treated with these agents.

Hereditary Prostate Cancer: Genes Related, Target Therapy and Prevention.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is globally the second most diagnosed cancer type and the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Family history of PCa, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) and Lynch syndromes (LS), are among the most important risk factors compared to age, race, ethnicity and environmental factors for PCa development. Hereditary prostate cancer (HPCa) has the highest heritability of any major cancer in men.