Anisakis, Something Is Moving inside the Fish.

The first case of human infection by a species of the Anisakidae family was reported more than 60 years ago. Over the last 20 years, has become a highly studied parasite, not only for its parasitism, but also for its role as an inducer of allergic reactions. Several studies have indicated that the pathological changes occurring within the gastrointestinal tract during infection with are the combined result of the direct action of the larvae invading the tissue and the complex interaction between the host's immune system and the parasite.

Evidence of IgE-Mediated Cross-Reactions between and Proteins.

Fish consumers may develop allergic reactions following the ingestion of fish products containing nematode larvae within the genus . Sensitized patients may cross-react with proteins from insects, mites and mollusks, leading to allergic reactions even in the absence of the offending food. Potential cross-reactivity in -allergic patients with larval proteins from other zoonotic parasites present in freshwater and sea fish should be investigated due to an increasing occurrence in certain fish stocks, particularly .

Prospective assessment of diagnostic tests for pediatric penicillin allergy: From clinical history to challenge tests.

Background: Diagnostic guidelines for penicillin allergy in children recommend cumbersome protocols based partially on data from adults, which may be suboptimal for pediatric use.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of tools for diagnosis of penicillin allergy in children.

Methods: A prospective, multicenter study was conducted in children with reported adverse events related to penicillin, excluding severe reactions.

Omalizumab efficacy in cases of chronic spontaneous urticaria is not explained by the inhibition of sera activity in effector cells.

Omalizumab (OmAb) is a humanized anti-IgE antibody approved for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). OmAb's mechanism of action is known to include actions on free IgE and on pre-bound IgE. However, OmAb is equally and rapidly effective against autoimmune and non-autoimmune urticaria where IgE involvement is not clear, suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms of action.

Allergic contact dermatitis from mercury antiseptics and derivatives: study protocol of tolerance to intramuscular injections of thimerosal.

Background: Mercury derivatives are frequent contact allergens and their cross-reactivity is not constant. Thimerosal is an organic mercurial used as an antiseptic and as a preservative in most vaccines.

Objective: To evaluate cross-reactivity, exposure factors, and tolerance to vaccines containing thimerosal in patients sensitized to mercury derivatives.

Anisakis simplex: dangerous--dead and alive?

The risk of infection with Anisakis simplex and related parasites of fish has been recognized for some time, but it is now emerging that ingestion of material from dead parasites in food is also potentially dangerous. The resulting allergic reactions range from rapid onset and potentially lethal anaphylactic reactions to chronic, debilitating conditions. This review discusses the problems and clinical implications associated with A.