Transcriptomic analysis of CO-treated strawberries () with enhanced resistance to softening and oxidative stress at consumption.

One of the greatest threats to wild strawberries ( Mara des Bois) after harvest is the highly perishability at ambient temperature. Breeders have successfully met the quality demands of consumers, but the prevention of waste after harvest in fleshy fruits is still pending. Most of the waste is due to the accelerated progress of senescence-like process after harvest linked to a rapid loss of water and firmness at ambient temperature.

Evaluation of the Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Contrasting Lines under Water Deficit Stress.

is a forage crop of choice for farmers, and it is a model species for molecular research. The growth and development and subsequent yields are limited by water availability mainly in arid and semi-arid regions. Our study aims to evaluate the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular responses to water deficit stress in four lines (TN6.

Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical, and Genetic Responses to Salinity in .

We used an integrated morpho-physiological, biochemical, and genetic approach to investigate the salt responses of four lines (TN1.11, TN6.18, JA17, and A10) of .

Expression of Structural Flavonoid Biosynthesis Genes in Dark-Blue and White Myrtle Berries ( L.).

Within the myrtle ( L.) species, different genotypes may produce dark-blue berries or white berries depending on the peel color upon ripening. One dark-blue cultivar and one white myrtle cultivar were used to study the molecular mechanisms underlying flavonoid biosynthesis.

Functional characterization of VviDHN2 and VviDHN4 dehydrin isoforms from Vitis vinifera (L.): An in silico and in vitro approach.

Dehydrins, a family of hydrophilic and intrinsically disordered proteins, are a subgroup of late embryogenesis abundant proteins that perform different protective roles in plants. Although the transition from a disordered to an ordered state has been associated with dehydrin function or interactions with specific partner molecules, the question of how the primary and secondary dehydrin protein structure is related to specific functions or target molecule preferences remains unresolved. This work addresses the in silico sequencing analysis and in vitro functional characterization of two dehydrin isoforms, VviDHN2 and VviDHN4, from Vitis vinifera.

Table Grapes during Postharvest Storage: A Review of the Mechanisms Implicated in the Beneficial Effects of Treatments Applied for Quality Retention.

Table grape is a fruit with increasing interest due to its attributes and nutritional compounds. During recent years, new cultivars such as those without seeds and with new flavors have reached countries around the world. For this reason, postharvest treatments that retain fruit quality need to be improved.

Effect of high levels of CO on the electrochemical behavior and the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in black and white table grapes stored at 0 °C.

Background: In this study, we analyzed the effect of the application of high levels of CO (20 kPa CO  + 20 kPa O  + 60 kPa N ) for 3 days at low temperature on a white table-grape cultivar (Superior Seedless) in comparison with a black one (cv. Autumn Royal) in terms of quality parameters. We also used a solid-state voltammetry methodology to analyze the effect of the 3-day gaseous treatment in berry tissues from both cultivars in the first stage of storage.

Differential regulation of dehydrin expression and trehalose levels in Cardinal table grape skin by low temperature and high CO2.

Dehydrins and trehalose are multifunctional protective biomolecules that play a role in counteracting cellular damage during dehydrative stresses. In this paper, we studied dehydrin isoform patterns, dehydrin gene expression and trehalose levels in the skin of Cardinal (Vitis vinifera L.) table grapes, along with their regulation by different cold postharvest storage conditions.

Effects of high CO₂ levels on fermentation, peroxidation, and cellular water stress in Fragaria vesca stored at low temperature in conditions of unlimited O₂.

To better understand the tolerance of strawberries (Fragaria vesca L.) to high CO2 in storage atmospheres, fermentation and cellular damage were investigated. Fruits were stored for 3 and 6 days at 0 °C in the presence of different CO2 levels (0, 20, or 40%) with 20% O2.

Two cold-induced family 19 glycosyl hydrolases from cherimoya (Annona cherimola) fruit: an antifungal chitinase and a cold-adapted chitinase.

Two cold-induced chitinases were isolated and purified from the mesocarp cherimoyas (Annona cherimola Mill.) and they were characterised as acidic endochitinases with a Mr of 24.79 and 47.

Characterisation and functionality of fructo-oligosaccharides affecting water status of strawberry fruit (Fragraria vesca cv. Mara de Bois) during postharvest storage.

Water status and analyses of free sugars, sugar-alcohols and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) were carried out in Fragaria x vesca treated with different high CO(2) concentrations applied to minimise damage caused by storage at 0°C. The thermodynamic parameters such as the amount of unfrozen water (U(w)), T(g), T(g)('), and peak position of the O-H stretching vibration were determined in various saccharides including FOS (1-kestose, nystose and kestopentaose) by infrared spectroscopy studies and differential scanning calorimetry. Beneficial high CO(2) treatment (20%) avoided the reduction of unfreezable water fraction and increased endogenous FOS levels, in contrast to that observed in air-stored and in those exposed to higher CO(2) levels (40%).

Understanding the mechanisms of chilling injury in bell pepper fruits using the proteomic approach.

In order to advance in the understanding of CI in pepper fruits, the cell ultrastructure alterations induced by CI and the physiological and metabolic changes have been studied along with the proteomic study. When stored at low temperatures bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruits exhibited visual CI symptoms and important alterations within the cell ultrastructure, since peroxisomes and starch grains were not detected and the structure of the chloroplast was seriously damaged in chilled tissues. Physiological and metabolic disorders were also observed in chilled fruits, such as higher ethylene production, increased MDA content, changes in sugar and organic acids and enzymatic activities.

Increasing catechin and procyanindin accumulation in high-CO2-treated Fragaria vesca strawberries.

This paper deals with the impact of low temperature and high CO2 levels on flavonols, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins, synthesized via branched pathways from common precursors, in strawberries (Fragaria vesca L.). Flavonoids were identified with Q-TOF equipment and quantified by HPLC-quadrupole.

Proteome changes in tomato fruits prior to visible symptoms of chilling injury are linked to defensive mechanisms, uncoupling of photosynthetic processes and protein degradation machinery.

A comparative proteomic analysis between tomato fruits stored at chilling and non-chilling temperatures was carried out just before the appearance of visible symptoms of chilling injury. At this stage of the stress period it was possible to discriminate between proteins involved in symptoms and proteins implicated in response. To investigate the changes in the tomato fruit proteome under this specific stressful condition, two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis coupled with spot identification by mass spectrometry was applied.

Fructo-oligosaccharides in table grapes and response to storage.

Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) have been recognized as health food ingredients with a protective effect against environmental stresses in plants. We have analyzed the profiles of individual FOS in Cardinal table grape pulp, until now undetected, and quantified their changes in response to low temperature and high CO2 levels. FOS separation and quantification was carried out using anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD), and the glucose, fructose and sucrose content of the grapes was also determined.

Water status and quality improvement in high-CO2 treated table grapes.

Unfreezable water (UFW) content in berry tissues (pulp, skin, seed) and rachis of table grape clusters stored at 0°C has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of short exposure to high CO2 (20% CO2 for 3days) and the transfer to air were also studied. Water status of pulp tissues was related to the thawing behaviour and the structural characteristics, using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LT-SEM).

A cryoprotective and cold-adapted 1,3-β-endoglucanase from cherimoya (Annona cherimola) fruit.

A 1,3-β-glucanase with potent cryoprotective activity was purified to homogeneity from the mesocarp of CO2-treated cherimoya fruit (Annona cherimola Mill.) stored at low temperature using anion exchange and chromatofocusing chromatography. This protein was characterized as a glycosylated endo-1,3-β-glucanase with a Mr of 22.

Potent cryoprotective activity of cold and CO2-regulated cherimoya (Annona cherimola) endochitinase.

A cryoprotective chitinase (BChi14) was isolated and purified from the mesocarp of CO(2)-treated cherimoya fruit (Annona cherimola Mill.) stored at chilling temperature by anion exchange and chromatofocusing chromatography. This hydrolase was characterized as an endochitinase with a M(r) of 14.

Regulation of defense and cryoprotective proteins by high levels of CO(2) in Annona fruit stored at chilling temperature.

This study focuses on how the length of exposure to chilling temperature and atmosphere storage conditions regulate the hydrolytic activity and expression of chitinase (PR-Q) and 1,3-beta-glucanase (PR-2) isoenzymes in cherimoyas (Annona cherimola Mill.). Storage at 6 degrees C modified the expression of constitutive isoenzymes and induced the appearance of novel acidic chitinases, AChi26 and AChi24, at the onset of the storage period, and of a basic chitinase, BChi33, after prolonged storage.

Sl-ERF2, a tomato ethylene response factor involved in ethylene response and seed germination.

Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are plant transcriptional regulators mediating ethylene-dependent gene expression via binding to the GCC motif found in the promoter region of ethylene-regulated genes. We report here on the structural and functional characterization of the tomato Sl-ERF2 gene that belongs to a distinct class of the large ERF gene family. Both spliced and unspliced versions of Sl-ERF2 transcripts were amplified from RNA samples and the search in the public tomato expressed sequence tag (EST) database confirmed the existence of the two transcript species in a number of cDNA libraries.

Dehydrin from citrus, which confers in vitro dehydration and freezing protection activity, is constitutive and highly expressed in the flavedo of fruit but responsive to cold and water stress in leaves.

A cDNA encoding a dehydrin was isolated from the flavedo of the chilling-sensitive Fortune mandarin fruit (Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tanaka x Citrus reticulata Blanco) and designed as Crcor15. The predicted CrCOR15 protein is a K2S member of a closely related dehydrin family from Citrus, since it contains two tandem repeats of the unusual Citrus K-segment and one S-segment (serine cluster) at an unusual C-terminal position.

A survey of genes differentially expressed during long-term heat-induced chilling tolerance in citrus fruit.

Long-term storage at low, non-freezing, temperature (1.5 degrees C) induces chilling injury in fruit of Fortune mandarin (Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tanaka x Citrus reticulata, Blanco), manifested as pitting and brown depressed areas that may end up with local cell death.

New members of the tomato ERF family show specific expression pattern and diverse DNA-binding capacity to the GCC box element.

Four new members of the ERF (ethylene-response factor) family of plant-specific DNA-binding (GCC box) factors were isolated from tomato fruit (LeERF1-4). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that LeERF2 belongs to a new ERF class, characterized by a conserved N-terminal signature sequence. Expression patterns and cis/trans binding affinities differed between the LeERFs.