Renal sinus adipose tissue: exploratory study of metabolic features and transcriptome compared with omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Objective: The objective was to study metabolic characteristics and transcriptome of renal sinus adipose tissue (RSAT) located around renal arteries and veins.

Methods: Adipose tissue biopsies from RSAT, omental (OAT), and subcutaneous (SAT) depots were obtained from healthy kidney donors (20 female, 20 male). Adipocyte glucose uptake rate and cell size were measured, and gene expression analyses using transcriptomics were performed.

Estimated Number Needed to Treat to Avoid a First Hospitalization by Maintaining Instead of Reducing Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitor (RAASi) Therapy after Hyperkalemia.

Key Points: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) therapy is frequently downtitrated or discontinued after a hyperkalemia episode. Reducing RAASi therapy after a hyperkalemia episode is associated with increased risk of hospitalization compared with maintaining RAASi. Our data suggest that a hospitalization within 6 months could be avoided if 25 patients maintained instead of reduced their RAASi therapy.

Dapagliflozin treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease without diabetes across different albuminuria levels (OPTIMISE-CKD).

Background: We compared kidney and cardiorenal protection in patients without type 2 diabetes across urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) levels after initiation on dapagliflozin for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: OPTIMISE-CKD is an observational study describing dapagliflozin treatment for CKD. Adult patients with CKD without type 2 diabetes were included in the primary analysis.

Vascular Access Outcomes in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.

Key Points: More patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease received their first intervention to re-establish vascular access patency. Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease do not require differential monitoring and treatment of hemodialysis vascular access.

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a leading hereditary cause of ESKD, often using hemodialysis as a form of RRT.

The prognostic and potentially immunomodulatory role of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in patients with gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Background: Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a novel regulator of the tumor microenvironment. Studies in colon cancer and pancreatobiliary adenocarcinoma have revealed COMP expression to be associated with decreased infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Herein, the expression of COMP was investigated in gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma with particular reference to its the relationship with the immune microenvironment.

Heart failure outcomes by left ventricular ejection fraction in a contemporary region-wide patient cohort.

Aims: This study aimed to characterize a contemporary population with subtypes of incident or prevalent heart failure (HF) based on reduced (HFrEF), mildly reduced, or preserved (HFpEF) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and to assess how outcomes, healthcare, treatments, and healthcare costs vary between each subtype of incident HF.

Methods And Results: Using Swedish data from the CardioRenal and Metabolic disease Heart Failure (CaReMe HF) study, updated to cover a more recent time period, this population-based study characterized patients from Stockholm County, Sweden, with incident HF (patients with a first HF diagnosis between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019) or prevalent HF (patients with a first HF diagnosis before 1 January 2020). Patients with incident HF had LVEF measured by echocardiography within ±90 days of their first HF diagnosis, and patients with prevalent HF within 5 years prior to the index date.

Mortality, Health Care Burden, and Treatment of CKD: A Multinational, Observational Study (OPTIMISE-CKD).

Key Points: Newly detected, moderately progressed CKD is associated with high clinical risks and health care costs. Most patients with moderately progressed CKD do not have diabetes and are at the same clinical risk as those with diabetes. Substantial inertia with kidney-protective treatment is observed when moderately progressed CKD is detected.

Hyperkalaemia-related reduction of RAASi treatment associates with more subsequent inpatient care.

Background: Hyperkalaemia is a barrier to achieving optimal, guideline-directed treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASis) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or heart failure (HF). This study describes the association between hyperkalaemia-related RAASi treatment reduction and the number of hospitalized days in patients with CKD and/or HF in Sweden and Japan.

Methods: Using data from health registers and hospital medical records, patients with CKD and/or HF currently receiving RAASis who experienced an index hyperkalaemia episode were identified and categorized as having maintained or reduced RAASi treatment post-index; propensity score matching (1:1) was applied to balance the groups in terms of baseline characteristics.

Subcutaneous adipose tissue dopamine D2 receptor is increased in prediabetes and T2D.

Purpose: To evaluate the dopaminergic signaling in human adipose tissue in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and potential direct implications in adipose tissue metabolism.

Methods: mRNA and protein expression of dopamine receptors D1 and D2 (DRD1 and DRD2) were determined in subcutaneous adipose tissue from subjects without or with T2D and with different body weight, and correlated with markers of obesity, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Glucose uptake and lipolysis were measured in adipocytes ex vivo following short-term exposure to dopamine, DRD1 receptor agonist (SKF81297), or DRD2 receptor agonist (bromocriptine).

Comparison of ROS1-rearrangement detection methods in a cohort of surgically resected non-small cell lung carcinomas.

Background: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring a ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1)-rearrangement respond to treatment with ROS1 inhibitors. To distinguish these rare cases, screening with immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ROS1 protein expression has been suggested. However, the reliability of such an assay and the comparability of the antibody clones has been debated.

A third dose SARS‑CoV‑2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine results in improved immune response in hemodialysis patients.

Background: The hemodialysis (HD) population has been a vulnerable group during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Advanced chronic kidney disease with uremia is associated with weaker immune response to infections and an attenuated response to vaccines. The aim of this study was to study the humoral and cellular response to the second and third doses of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in HD patients and to follow the response over time.

Effects of lipid-lowering treatment intensity and adherence on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with a recent myocardial infarction: a Swedish register-based study.

Background: Oral lipid-lowering treatment (LLT) is the standard of care for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, insufficient treatment intensity and poor adherence can lead to suboptimal treatment benefit, rendering patients at increased risk of CVD.

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate trends in LLT intensity and adherence in Sweden over time, and their association with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after recent myocardial infarction (MI), and also to assess the impact of transition from secondary to primary care on intensity and adherence.

High Infiltration of CD68+/CD163- Macrophages Is an Adverse Prognostic Factor after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Esophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinoma.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have emerged as key players in tumor immunology but demonstrate a continuum of functional states being either tumor suppressive or promoting. Moreover, chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to alter the tumor microenvironment. Perioperative chemotherapy is a standard treatment option for resectable esophageal and gastric (EG) adenocarcinoma.

Clinical features and treatment response to differentiate idiopathic peritonitis from non-strangulating intestinal infarction of the pelvic flexure associated with Strongylus vulgaris infection in the horse.

Background: Peritonitis in horses secondary to non-strangulating infarction (NSII) has a guarded prognosis, even after intestinal resection. In contrast, horses with idiopathic peritonitis respond well to medical treatment. Affected horses in both cases often show signs of both colic and systemic inflammation, but early diagnosis is crucial for optimal treatment and an accurate prognosis.

The use of models and modelling in design projects in three different technology classrooms.

In this study, we aim to investigate activities using models in a design project in three technology classrooms. Activities that use models are important for students' development of knowledge and skills connected to the design process. Nevertheless, few empirical studies have thus far examined how models and modelling are used in a classroom environment when students and teachers are involved in a design project.

Role of Estrogen and Its Receptors in Adipose Tissue Glucose Metabolism in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women.

Context: Reduced estrogen levels in postmenopausal women predispose them to metabolic side effects, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes; however, the cellular mechanisms are not well understood.

Objective: This work aimed to study the expression of estrogen receptors in adipose tissue from pre- and postmenopausal women and the effects of estradiol (E2) on glucose uptake of adipocytes.

Methods: Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) obtained from pre- and postmenopausal women (19-51 and 46-75 years old, respectively) were used to measure gene expression of ESR1 and ESR2.

Real-World Effectiveness of Anti-Resorptive Treatment in Patients With Incident Fragility Fractures-The STORM Cohort-A Swedish Retrospective Observational Study.

Results from real-world evidence (RWE) from the largest healthcare region in Sweden show low uptake of antiresorptive (AR) treatment, but beneficial effect in those receiving treatment, especially for the composite outcome of hip fracture or death. For RWE studies, Sweden is unique, with virtually complete coverage of electronic medical records (EMRs) and both regional and national registries, in a universal publicly funded healthcare system. To our knowledge, there is no previous RWE study evaluating the efficacy of AR treatment compared to no AR treatment after fragility fracture, including data on parenteral treatments administered in hospital settings.

CDKN2C expression in adipose tissue is reduced in type II diabetes and central obesity: impact on adipocyte differentiation and lipid storage?

CDKN2C/p18 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2C) is a cell growth regulator that controls cell cycle progression and has previously been associated with increased risk for type II diabetes (T2D) and reduced peripheral adipose tissue (AT) storage capacity. This study explored the role of CDKN2C in AT lipid and glucose metabolism in T2D. Expression of CDKN2C and other genes was analyzed by transcriptomics, or real-time PCR in subcutaneous AT (SAT) samples obtained from T2D and control subjects matched for sex, age and BMI and also in paired SAT and omental AT (OAT) samples.

Humoral and cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in hemodialysis patients.

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients have an increased risk of acquiring infections due to many health care contacts and may, in addition, have a suboptimal response to vaccination and a high mortality from Covid-19 infection.

Methods: In 50 HD patients (mean age 69.4 years, 62% men) administration of SARS-CoV-2BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine began in Dec 2020 and the immune response was evaluated 7-15 weeks after the last dose.

Estradiol Alters the Virulence Traits of Uropathogenic .

Uropathogenic (UPEC) is the most common bacteria to cause urinary tract infection (UTI). Postmenopausal women have an increased risk of recurrent UTI. This is partly explained by estrogenic effects on host defenses against UTI.

Estimation of kidney function in patients with primary neuromuscular diseases: is serum cystatin C a better marker of kidney function than creatinine?

Background: Using serum creatinine leads to an overestimation of kidney function in patients with primary neuromuscular disorders, and reduced kidney function may remain undetected. Cystatin C (CysC) could provide a better estimation.

Aim: To evaluate the precision, accuracy, and bias of two creatinine-, one cystatin C-based and one combined equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with primary neuromuscular disease.

Cardiovascular Event Rates After Myocardial Infarction or Ischaemic Stroke in Patients with Additional Risk Factors: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study.

Introduction: The impact of additional risk factors on major cardiovascular event (MACE) rates in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or ischaemic stroke (IS) treated with statins is not well defined.

Methods: In this retrospective population-based cohort study, patients with a history of MI or IS treated with moderate- or high-intensity statins were identified using Swedish national register data. Patients were incident (index event between July 2006 and December 2014 and followed from diagnosis) or prevalent (MI or IS before July 2006 and followed thereafter).

Burden of Treatment-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Multiple Myeloma in Sweden.

Introduction: Treatment-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) is a complication of multiple myeloma (MM) treatment.

Objective: This real-world, retrospective study used electronic medical record (EMR) data from 3 Swedish clinics to assess the occurrence and economic burden of TIPN in patients with MM.

Methods: Eligible patients had an MM diagnosis in the Swedish Cancer Registry between 2006 and 2015 and initiated treatment during that period.