Role of tamoxifen in idiopathic gynecomastia: A 10-year prospective cohort study.

Background: Idiopathic gynecomastia is a benign breast disorder characterized by overdevelopment of male breast tissue. It can cause discomfort and concern, resulting in patients seeking diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of tamoxifen therapy in resolving this condition.

Closure methods of the appendix stump for complications during laparoscopic appendectomy.

Background: Laparoscopic appendectomy is amongst the most common general surgical procedures performed in the developed world. Arguably, the most critical part of this procedure is effective closure of the appendix stump to prevent catastrophic intra-abdominal complications from a faecal leak into the abdominal cavity. A variety of methods to close the appendix stump are used worldwide; these can be broadly divided into traditional ligatures (such as intracorporeal or extracorporeal ligatures or Roeder loops) and mechanical devices (such as stapling devices, clips, or electrothermal devices).