Effects of the healthy start randomized intervention on psychological stress and sleep habits among obesity-susceptible healthy weight children and their parents.

Poor sleep and psychological stress are obesity determinants that are rarely included in obesity prevention programs. The aim was to report the effects of the Healthy Start randomized intervention on the secondary outcomes psychological stress and sleep duration and onset latency. Data was obtained from the Healthy Start randomized intervention conducted in 2009-2012 among Danish healthy weight children aged 2-6 years, who had either a high birth weight (>4,000 g), high maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (>28 kg/m2), or low maternal educational level (≤10 years of schooling) and their parents.

Assessing Health Consequences of Vitamin D Fortification Utilizing a Societal Experiment Design: Methodological Lessons Learned from the D-Tect Project.

By utilizing historical changes in Danish legislation related to mandatory vitamin D fortification of margarine, which was implemented in the mid 1930s and abruptly abandoned in June 1985, the studies in the D-tect project investigated the effects of vitamin D on health outcomes in individuals, who during gestation were exposed or unexposed to extra vitamin D from fortified margarine. This paper reviews and narratively summarizes the analytic approaches alongside the results of the societal fortification experiment studies from the D-tect project and addresses the challenges in designing societal experiment studies and evaluating their results. The latter are discussed as lessons learned that may be useful for designers of similar studies, expected to be extensively utilized while researching the health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic by comparing individuals born before and after the epidemic.

How to screen for social withdrawal in primary care: An evaluation of the alarm distress baby scale using item response theory.

Background: Early identification of infants at-risk is imperative for proper referral to intervention programs. The Alarm Distress Baby Scale (ADBB) is an eight-item observer-rated screening tool detecting social withdrawal in infants. Previously, a shortened five-item version of the scale (m-ADBB) has been proposed.

Associations between Child Mental Well-Being or Conflicts during Mealtime and Picky Eating Behaviour.

Pickiness is an eating behavior that many families with young children face. Having joint family meals may impact the child's pickiness, for instance by influencing their willingness to try novel foods. Moreover, picky children have been shown to display greater emotionality.

Vitamin D concentrations from neonatal dried blood spots and the risk of early-onset type 2 diabetes in the Danish D-tect case-cohort study.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of neonatal vitamin D concentration on the development of early-onset type 2 diabetes in a large population sample.

Methods: We conducted a case-cohort study utilising data from the Danish biobank and registers. Neonatal vitamin D was assessed measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations on the dried blood spot samples from the Biological Specimen Bank for Neonatal Screening.

Associations between Parental Stress and Subsequent Changes in Dietary Intake and Quality among Preschool Children Susceptible to Obesity.

Background: Cross-sectional studies indicate that parental stress may be a barrier for healthy dietary behaviours among children. However, there is a lack of evidence from longitudinal studies on the association between parental stress and changes in dietary intake among toddlers. The aim of this study was to examine the association between parental stress and changes in dietary intake and quality among preschool children susceptible to obesity.

Neonatal Vitamin D Status and Risk of Asthma in Childhood: Results from the D-Tect Study.

Background: low vitamin D status in pregnancy can influence the offspring's lung function and contribute to childhood asthma development. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of neonatal vitamin D status on the development of asthma among children age 3-9 years in a large population sample.

Method: in a case-cohort study utilizing a Danish biobank and register data we examined the association between neonatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and incidence of asthma among children aged 3-9 years.

Tramadol prescribed use in general and chronic noncancer pain: a nationwide register-based cohort study of all patients above 16 years.

Background and aims In the Western world, it has become clear that we are facing a crisis of overuse, abuse and improperly prescribed use of opioids. As part of the ongoing discussion on opioid use, the use and prescription of tramadol have been addressed in recent years. A significant portion of this discussion should adequately address the risk factors for the use of weak opioid products such as tramadol.

Impact of red meat, processed meat and fibre intake on risk of late-onset chronic inflammatory diseases: prospective cohort study on lifestyle factors using the Danish 'Diet, Cancer and Health' cohort (PROCID-DCH): .

Introduction: Chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis) are diseases of the immune system that have some shared genetic and environmental predisposing factors, but still few studies have investigated the effects of lifestyle on disease risk of several CIDs. The primary aim of this prospective cohort study is to investigate the impact of fibre, red meat and processed meat on risk of late-onset CID, with the perspective that results of this study can contribute in supporting future diet recommendations for effective personalised prevention.

Methods And Analysis: The study will use data from 57 053 persons from the prospective Danish cohort study 'Diet, Cancer and Health' together with National Health Registry data.

Association between hair cortisol concentration and dietary intake among normal weight preschool children predisposed to overweight and obesity.

Background: The association between chronically elevated cortisol, as measured by hair cortisol concentration (HCC), and dietary intake among children has generally not been explored. Moreover, it is unknown whether there is an association between parental HCC and dietary intake among their children.

Objective: To examine associations between HCC and dietary intake among children, and to explore the association between parental HCC and dietary intake among their children.

Joining Parents' Bed at Night and Overweight among 2- to 6-Year-Old Children - Results from the 'Healthy Start' Randomized Intervention.

Objective: Parental and child co-sleeping has been suggested as a risk factor for short sleep duration and poor sleep quality that may lead to overweight. We examined if joining parent's bed during night was associated with child overweight.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the 'Healthy Start' study including 635 2- to 6-year-old Danish children, who were all considered obesity prone.

Extra vitamin D from fortification and the risk of preeclampsia: The D-tect Study.

The objective of the study was to examine if exposure to extra vitamin D from food fortification was associated with a decrease in the risk of preeclampsia. The study was based on a natural experiment exploring the effect of the abolition of the Danish mandatory vitamin D fortification of margarine in 1985. The effect of the extra vitamin D (1.

Exposure to vitamin D from fortified margarine during fetal life and later risk of pre-eclampsia: the D-tect Study.

Objective: To examine if fetal exposure to a small dosage of extra vitamin D from food fortification was associated with a decrease in the risk of pre-eclampsia later in life.

Design: Cancellation of the mandatory vitamin D fortification of margarine in 1985 created a societal experiment, with entire adjacent birth cohorts exposed or unexposed to extra vitamin D during fetal development. The Danish national medical health registries allowed the identification of pre-eclampsia cases later in life among all exposed and unexposed female individuals.

Effects of the Healthy Start randomized intervention trial on physical activity among normal weight preschool children predisposed to overweight and obesity.

Background: There is limited evidence to support the effectiveness of primary interventions aiming to prevent excess weight gain among young children. Evaluating behavioral changes, such as physical activity (PA), may add to future development of efficient interventions. The objective was to evaluate the effect on PA outcomes of the 15 month Healthy Start intervention that focused on changing diet, PA, sleep and stress management among normal weight but obesity-prone preschool children.

Effects of the Healthy Start randomized intervention on dietary intake among obesity-prone normal-weight children.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 15-month intervention on dietary intake conducted among obesity-prone normal-weight pre-school children.

Design: Information on dietary intake was obtained using a 4 d diet record. A diet quality index was adapted to assess how well children's diet complied with the Danish national guidelines.

Relationship between pickiness and subsequent development in body mass index and diet intake in obesity prone normal weight preschool children.

Background: Most children have periods in their life where they reject familiar as well as non-familiar food items and this is often referred to as pickiness. The consequences of pickiness may be malnutrition and, if prolonged, potentially lower body weight. However, studies investigating the consequence of pickiness on subsequent changes in diet intake and weight are limited.

Child behavioural problems and body size among 2-6 year old children predisposed to overweight. results from the "healthy start" study.

Objective: Psychological adversities among young children may be associated with childhood overweight and obesity. We examined if an increased level of child behavioural problems was associated with body size among a selected group of 2-6 year old children, who were all predisposed to develop overweight.

Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using baseline data from the "Healthy Start" intervention study.

The influence of early exposure to vitamin D for development of diseases later in life.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common among otherwise healthy pregnant women and may have consequences for them as well as the early development and long-term health of their children. However, the importance of maternal vitamin D status on offspring health later in life has not been widely studied. The present study includes an in-depth examination of the influence of exposure to vitamin D early in life for development of fractures of the wrist, arm and clavicle; obesity, and type 1 diabetes (T1D) during child- and adulthood.

The Healthy Start project: a randomized, controlled intervention to prevent overweight among normal weight, preschool children at high risk of future overweight.

Background: Research shows that obesity prevention has to start early. Targeting interventions towards subgroups of individuals who are predisposed, but yet normal weight, may prove more effective in preventing overweight than interventions towards unselected normal weight subsets. Finally, interventions focused on other factors than diet and activity are lacking.

Choice of foods and ingredients for moderately malnourished children 6 months to 5 years of age.

There is consensus on how to treat severe malnutrition, but there is no agreement on the most cost-effective way to treat infants and young children with moderate malnutrition who consume cereal-dominated diets. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the nutritional qualities of relevant foods and ingredients in relation to the nutritional needs of children with moderate malnutrition and to identify research needs. The following general aspects are covered: energy density, macronutrient content and quality, minerals and vitamins, bioactive substances, antinutritional factors, and food processing.