Pharmaceutical targeting of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor impacts the crosstalk between immune cells and islets to reduce insulitis in humans.

Aims/hypothesis: Insulitis, a hallmark of inflammation preceding autoimmune type 1 diabetes, leads to the eventual loss of functional beta cells. However, functional beta cells can persist even in the face of continuous insulitis. Despite advances in immunosuppressive treatments, maintaining functional beta cells to prevent insulitis progression and hyperglycaemia remains a challenge.

Efficacy and safety of basal insulin degludec 100 IU/mL versus glargine 300 IU/mL for type 1 diabetes: The single-center INEOX randomized controlled trial.

Aims: To compare efficacy and safety of degludec 100 IU/mL (Deg-100) and glargine 300 IU/mL (Gla-300) in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Open-label, single-center, randomized, parallel-group, 24-week trial in adults with type 1 diabetes, on basal-bolus insulin therapy, HbA1c ≤ 10%, using self-monitoring blood glucose. Participants were randomized 1:1 to a basal-bolus insulin regimen with Deg-100 (N = 129) or Gla-300 (N = 131).

Internet-based Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depressive symptomatology in individuals with type 1 diabetes (WEB_TDDI1 study): A randomized controlled trial protocol.

Background: Professionals need adequate tools to help patients with diabetes and depression. Although web programs integrating cognitive-behavioral therapy with diabetes education have shown good results, no similar approach has been performed as yet in Spain. The objective is to develop an Internet-based program for the treatment of mild-moderate depressive symptomatology in individuals with type 1 diabetes (WEB_TDDI1 study) based on Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and assess its results.

Development and Validation of the Depression Inventory for Type 1 Diabetes (DID-1).

People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are more likely to have depression than the general population and their prognosis is worse. Unfortunately, the characteristics of persons with T1D lead to inadequate screening for depression in this population. To aid in the detection of depression in this population, this study was undertaken to develop a depressive symptoms assessment instrument specific to patients with T1D and to examine its psychometric properties.

Development and Preliminary Validation of a New Type 1 Diabetes Adjustment Scale (DAS-1).

Background: This study focuses on the development and validation of a new Type 1 Diabetes Adjustment Scale (DAS-1).

Method: A total of 204 participants aged 15-65 with type 1 diabetes completed the self-report measures of the DAS-1, which includes clinical and psychological variables.

Results: Robust confirmatory factor analysis detected a unidimensional structure of the item scores.

Relationship between glucose control, glycemic variability, and oxidative stress in children with type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Few studies assessing the relationship between oxidative stress and glycemic variability in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are available, and most of them reported no significant results.

Objective: To assess the relationship between glucose control, glycemic variability, and oxidative stress as measured by urinary excretion of 8-iso-prostanglandin F2-alpha (8-iso-PGF2α) in children with T1DM.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study including 25 children with T1DM.

Unilateral renal agenesis and abrupt onset diabetes: an unfrequent form of MODY type diabetes.

Introduction: MODY diabetes encompasses heterogeneous group of monogenic forms of diabetes with low prevalence. It is not easily diagnosed because of the increase in obesity and family history of diabetes in the general population.

Patients And Methods: We present a clinical case with cardinal symptoms, diabetes,renal insufficiency with no acidosis and with a family history of diabetes and renal agenesis.

Comparison of the Effects of Goat Dairy and Cow Dairy Based Breakfasts on Satiety, Appetite Hormones, and Metabolic Profile.

The satiating effects of cow dairy have been thoroughly investigated; however, the effects of goat dairy on appetite have not been reported so far. Our study investigates the satiating effect of two breakfasts based on goat or cow dairy and their association with appetite related hormones and metabolic profile. Healthy adults consumed two breakfasts based on goat (G-Breakfast) or cow (C-Breakfast) dairy products.

Comparison between a multiple daily insulin injection regimen (basal once-daily glargine plus mealtime lispro) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (lispro) using continuous glucose monitoring in metabolically optimized type 1 diabetes patients: A randomized open-labelled parallel study.

Background And Objective: Advantages of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) over multiple daily injections with glargine (MDI/G) are still uncertain. We compared CSII vs. MDI/G therapy in unselected patients with type 1 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring (CGSM).

Implementation of subcutaneous insulin protocol for non-critically ill hospitalized patients in andalusian tertiary care hospitals.

Introduction: In 2009, the Andalusian Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition designed a protocol for subcutaneous insulin treatment in hospitalized non-critically ill patients (HIP).

Objective: To analyze implementation of HIP at tertiary care hospitals from the Andalusian Public Health System.

Method: A descriptive, multicenter study conducted in 8 tertiary care hospitals on a random sample of non-critically ill patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia (n=306) hospitalized for ≥48 hours in 5 non-surgical (SM) and 2 surgical (SQ) departments.

Night-time sleep duration and the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Findings from the prospective Pizarra study.

Background: Several recent studies have related short sleep duration with different health problems, though the results related with the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are far from conclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between night-time sleep duration and the incidence of obesity and T2D in a prospective study with a follow-up of 11 years.

Material And Methods: The study comprised 1145 people evaluated in 1997-1998 and re-evaluated after 6 years and 11 years.

Identification of risk factors for suffering fear of hypoglycemia in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus patients.

Hypoglycemia is one of the main burdens for type I Diabetes Mellitus (DM I) patients. The consequences of hypoglycemia can be quite unpleasant due to the variety of disagreeable physical and psychological symptoms it triggers. The patient's previous experience with hypoglycemia episodes will condition his psychological reaction to future episodes, promoting behavioral modifications that associate with poor glycemic control and worse prognosis, and even with developing psychological disorders, leading to fear of hypoglycemia (FH).

Modifications of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index with age.

The aim of the study was to analyze the association between aging and insulin resistance estimated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). This work involved two studies: (1) the Di@bet.es study is a cross-sectional study including 4,948 subjects, comprising a representative sample of the adult Spanish population; (2) the Pizarra study is a population-based cohort study undertaken in Pizarra (Spain), in which 1,051 subjects were evaluated at baseline and 714 completed the 6-year follow-up study.

Does dietary iodine regulate oxidative stress and adiponectin levels in human breast milk?

Little is known about the association between iodine and human milk composition. In this study, we investigated the association between iodine and different markers of oxidative stress and obesity-related hormones in human breast milk. This work is composed of two cross-sectional studies (in lactating women and in the general population), one prospective and one in vitro.

Metabolically healthy but obese, a matter of time? Findings from the prospective Pizarra study.

Background: Prospective longitudinal studies evaluating the relevance of "Metabolically Healthy but Obese" (MHO) phenotype at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases are few and results are contradictory.

Methods: As a representative of the general population, 1051 individuals were evaluated in 1997-1998 and re-evaluated after 6 years and 11 years. Subjects without known T2D were given an oral glucose tolerance test.

White rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes.

Background & Aim: Recent studies suggest that white rice consumption increases risk of diabetes.

Aim: to assess the association between white rice intake and the incidence of diabetes in a population from Southern Spain.

Methods: A population-based cohort study was undertaken in Pizarra, Spain.

Use of telemedicine in subjects with type 1 diabetes equipped with an insulin pump and real-time continuous glucose monitoring.

We evaluated a telemedicine system in patients with type 1 diabetes who had optimized treatment with an insulin pump and a real-time continuous glucose monitoring system. We conducted a prospective, one-year study of 15 subjects. Three medical visits took place: pre-baseline, baseline and at 6 months.

Factors determining weight gain in adults and relation with glucose tolerance.

Objective: Modifications in lifestyle, diet and certain clinical events are major contributors for the high prevalence of obesity. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with weight gain in a population of Spanish adults.

Design: The study was undertaken in two population-based cohorts from the north and the south of Spain (baseline and after 6 years).

[Validation of the FINDRISC (FINnish Diabetes RIsk SCore) for prediction of the risk of type 2 diabetes in a population of southern Spain. Pizarra Study].

Background And Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the ability of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) to predict the risk of DM2 in a population of south-eastern Spain (Pizarra Study).

Subjects And Methods: The Pizarra Study is a population-based prospective study developed in the town of Pizarra (Málaga). The first phase of the study was conducted in 1997-1998, including 1051 individuals aged 18-65 years randomly selected from the municipal census of the town.

Development of a new fear of hypoglycemia scale: FH-15.

Hypoglycemia is the most common adverse event associated with insulin treatment in diabetes. The consequences of hypoglycemia can be quite aversive and potentially life threatening. The physical sequelae provide ample reason for patients to fear hypoglycemia and avoid episodes.

[Glycosylated hemoglobin as a hyperuricemia risk marker in general population].

Background And Objectives: To evaluate the association between high levels of glycemia and low serum uric acid levels in two independent population-based samples.

Patients And Methods: The first sample was taken from the Pizarra Study, a population-based prospective study of 1.226 persons classified according to their glycometabolic status, as measured from an oral glucose tolerance test.

[Depression in type 1 diabetes mellitus and associated factors].

Background And Objective: In recent years, there has been an increased interest in depression and diabetes risk factors. Our objectives were 1) Study the variables associated with the presence of depression in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), 2) to analyze potential risk factors for depression in these patients, and 3) to study a possible explanatory model of depression scores in these patients.

Patients And Methods: 207 patients with DM1.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and other cardiovascular risk factors are no more common during menopause: longitudinal study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to undertake a prospective study of the changes in certain risk factors for cardiovascular disease occurring during menopause.

Methods: A longitudinal cohort study of 475 women was followed up for 6 years (Pizarra Study). The final menstrual period was defined after at least 6 months of amenorrhea.