Handwriting characteristics in patients with overt autoimmune hypothyroidism: a prospective case-control study.

Purpose: Previous studies have demonstrated handwriting changes in patients with overt hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate handwriting features in patients affected by overt autoimmune hypothyroidism.

Methods: Thirty subjects - 24 females and 6 males, mean and median age of 50.

Uncommon clinical presentations of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in two different patients affected by two distinct novel VHL germline mutations.

Context: The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome is an inherited multitumour disorder characterized by clinical heterogeneity and high penetrance. Pheochromocytoma (Pheo) is present in 10%-15% of cases and can be isolated or associated with other lesions such as haemangioblastomas, kidney cysts or cancer and pancreatic lesions. In VHL patients, Pheos generally secrete norepinephrine and are located in the adrenals.