Social Inequalities in Mental Health and Self-Perceived Health in the First Wave of COVID-19 Lockdown in Latin America and Spain: Results of an Online Observational Study.

COVID-19 lockdowns greatly affected the mental health of populations and collectives. This study compares the mental health and self-perceived health in five countries of Latin America and Spain, during the first wave of COVID 19 lockdown, according to social axes of inequality. This was a cross-sectional study using an online, self-managed survey in Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Spain.

[When it will be possible the interdisciplinary dialogue about the management of the COVID-19 syndemic?].

Since countries and their institutions began to feel overwhelmed by COVID-19, it has not been surprising to hear the complaints, ailments and discomforts of millions of people who have experienced significant emotional and material losses. It has been a cluster of factors that have been crossed by biological, socioeconomic and cultural phenomena, interconnected with each other, and that have become structural. Despite the broad contribution of the scientific field to the study of this phenomenon, the different disciplines in general, and those from the Social Sciences in particular, have had little participation and opportunities for communication and research.

[Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on self-perceived health in Chile by gender].

Objective: To analyse the social factors associated with self-perceived health during the COVID-19 lockdown in the Chilean resident population according to gender perspective.

Method: Cross-sectional study conducted during the COVID-19 lockdown between May 17 and August 17, 2020 with an online survey. Self-perceived health was analysed in the population aged 18 years or older in relation to social variables.

[From theory to practice: the discourse of healthy lifestyles and its application to the daily lives of low-income Chilean women].

The discourse on healthy lifestyles (HLS) states that a population will remain healthy by adopting such lifestyles, modifying unhealthy and thus morally incorrect individual behaviors. The HLS discourse has been hegemonic in Public Health since the late 20th century. It assumes freedom of choice by individuals, who purportedly make rational decisions, seeking the lowest cost and maximum individual benefit, the neoliberal model's basic premise.

Being for Others and Material Conditions: The Limits of the "Healthy Lifestyles" Notion for Chilean Women.

Public policies to prevent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by promoting health lifestyles began in Chile in the 1990 s, yet NCDs are still highly prevalent. We draw on the theoretical approaches of the Latin American Collective Health (LACH) and critical medical anthropology (CAM) to elucidate why these polices have not had the desired effects. Women with low socioeconomic status and participating in the Choose Healthy Living Program identified obstacles to healthy living and the subjective tensions resulting from the healthy lifestyles ethic.

Biographies.

La Promoción de la Salud (PS) es una función esencial de la salud pública que se ha puesto en tensión frente a la pandemia de la COVID-19, dado que los discursos y estrategias basados en la prevención y curación de la enfermedad han invisibilizado las condiciones de vida e inequidad que son centrales para la PS. La salud colectiva latinoamericana plantea cuestionamientos prácticos y epistemológicos sobre las acciones ante la epidemia en los países del Sur Global, proponiendo enfoques alternativos al paradigma biomédico y a lo que este entiende como PS. Desde la salud colectiva, la PS tiene como elementos centrales la autonomía de las comunidades, la importancia de sus saberes, y el fomento de acciones colectivas territoriales.

[Women's work and double workload as conditioning factors for family nutritional strategies and lifestyles in Santiago, Chile].

Lifestyles have been highlighted as the main risk factor for noncommunicable diseases in the 21st century, often leaving aside the role of material conditions of reproduction of daily life in modeling of habits and behaviors. The article addresses the tensions and transactions in family nutrition in the city of Santiago, Chile, in which mothers do paid work and are simultaneously in charge of housework and family care. An ethnographic focus was used in interviews with mothers, in addition to passive and participant observation in 20 households in the years 2015 and 2017 to reconstruct the nutritional strategies and reconciliation of women's paid work with family demands.