Impacts of MDR/XDR-TB on the global tuberculosis epidemic: Challenges and opportunities.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the world's second-deadliest infectious disease. Despite the availability of drugs to cure TB, control of TB is hampered by the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). The presence of MDR/XDR-TB is alarming due to the low detection rate, high treatment failure, and high mortality.

Role of non-coding RNAs in tuberculosis and their potential for clinical applications.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains the leading cause of mortality due to infectious diseases, only surpassed in 2020 by COVID-19. Despite the development in diagnostics, therapeutics, and evaluation of new vaccines for TB, this infectious disease remains uncontrollable due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug-resistant (XDR) TB, among other factors. The development in transcriptomics (RNomics) has enabled the study of gene expression in TB.

Challenges and the Way forward in Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis Infection.

Globally, it is estimated that one-quarter of the world's population is latently infected with (Mtb), also known as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Recently, this condition has been referred to as tuberculosis infection (TBI), considering the dynamic spectrum of the infection, as 5-10% of the latently infected population will develop active TB (ATB). The chances of TBI development increase due to close contact with index TB patients.

Does the timing of appendectomy affect outcomes and postoperative complications?

Purpose: There is controversy about the necessity of nighttime appendectomy. The aim of this study was to determine whether timing of appendectomy performance plays a role on postoperative complications.

Methods: A retrospective single-center comparative study was performed in children who underwent surgery for acute appendicitis between 2017 and 2021.

Transcriptomic Signature of Horseshoe Crab Hemocytes' Response to Lipopolysaccharides.

() is one of the four species of horseshoe crabs (HSCs). The HSC hemocytes store defense molecules that are released upon encountering invading pathogens. The HSCs rely on this innate immunity to continue its existence as a living fossil for more than 480 million years.

Small RNA datasets of drug-susceptible strains from Sabah, Malaysia.

These datasets present a list of small RNAs from three drug-susceptible strains isolated from Sabah, Malaysia. Sputum samples were obtained from three tuberculosis patients belonging to different districts. The bacteria were detected using GeneXpert MTB/RIF, isolated and cultured in BACTEC MGIT 320, and tested for their drug susceptibility.

The effectiveness of matrix ablation with silver nitrate in the treatment of ingrown toenails. A single-center case-control study.

Background: Partial onychectomy with chemical matrixectomy is considered the gold standard treatment for stage II-III ingrown toenails (IT). However, there are scarce reports describing the use of silver nitrate in IT management in adolescents. Our aim is to analyze the effectiveness of matrix ablation with silver nitrate and compare it with partial onychectomy by electrocautery.

Invasion and Metastasis Suppression by Anti-Neonatal Nav1.5 Antibodies in Breast Cancer.

Background: Detectable neonatal Nav1.5 (nNav1.5) expression in tumour breast tissue positive for lymph node metastasis and triple-negative subtype serves as a valid tumour-associated antigen to target and prevent breast cancer invasion and metastasis.

Overlapping of Pulmonary Fibrosis of Postacute COVID-19 Syndrome and Tuberculosis in the Helminth Coinfection Setting in Sub-Saharan Africa.

There is an increasing attention to the emerging health problem represented by the clinical and functional long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, referred to as postacute COVID-19 syndrome. Clinical, radiographic, and autopsy findings have shown that a high rate of fibrosis and restriction of lung function are present in patients who have recovered from COVID-19. Patients with active TB, or those who have recovered from it, have fibrotic scarred lungs and, consequently, some degree of impaired respiratory function.

Proteomic analysis of Malaysian Horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) hemocytes gives insights into its innate immunity host defence system and other biological processes.

Horseshoe crabs are one of the most studied invertebrates due to their remarkable innate immunity mechanism and biological processes. In this work, the proteins of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated and non-stimulated hemocytes of Malaysian Tachypleus gigas were profiled using LC-MS/MS. A total of 154 proteins were identified in both types of samples.

Undergrowth Of First Toe In PiK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum (PROS).

Background: PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS) include a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by segmental overgrowth secondary to somatic mosaic activating variants in PIK3CA. Segmental undergrowth is more uncommon and has been less studied but pathogenic variants in PIK3CA have also been found. With this in mind, we have noticed a group of patients with PROS that present an undergrowth component associated with their focal overgrowth.

Hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents: Experience in a university hospital in Colombia.

Introduction: Hyperthyroidism is a heterogeneous condition characterized by the excessive production of thyroid hormones. It represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Objective: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and the evolution and differences between the main etiologies in patients with hyperthyroidism treated by the Pediatric Endocrinology Service at the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación in Medellín, Colombia, between July 1st.

Trichothecene Genotype Profiling of Wheat Species Complex in Paraguay.

Paraguay is a non-traditional wheat-producing country in one of the warmest regions in South America. Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a critical disease affecting this crop, caused by the species complex (FGSC). A variety of these species produce trichothecenes, including deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated forms (3-ADON and 15-ADON) or nivalenol (NIV).

Indocyanine Green (ICG)-Guided Identification of Hypermetabolic Pancreatic Nodules in Focal Congenital Hyperinsulinism: A Case Report in a 3-Month-Old Infant.

Indocyanine green (ICG)-guided near-infrared fluorescence has been recently adopted in pediatric surgery, although its use in the treatment of congenital hyperinsulinism has not been reported. We present a case of focal congenital hyperinsulinism in which ICG-navigation with ICG was used during surgical treatment. A 3-month-old infant was referred to our institution from a peripheral hospital for episodes of persistent hypoglycemia since birth, with no response to intravenous treatment with diazoxide, octreotide, or hydrochlorothiazide.

Healthcare staff as promoters of parental presence at anesthetic induction: Net Promoter Score survey.

Background: Surgical intervention is usually a traumatic event that causes stress and anxiety in the pediatric patient and the family environment. To reduce the harmful effects of presurgical anxiety, parental presence during induction of anesthesia (PPIA) is one of the more notable interventions used in medical centers. However, data on this measure are difficult to evaluate and often face resistance from healthcare staff.

Exogenous acral pigmentation secondary to beetle exposure.

We present a 5-year-old girl who accidentally crushed an insect of the coleoptera family walking barefoot and secondarily developed an exogenous acral pigmentation. The lesions resolved spontaneously within a few weeks. Proper identification of the insect and a detailed physical examination were key to avoiding unnecessary invasive diagnostic tests.

Comparative study of the intestinal parasitism profiles between communities across the 5 municipalities of the Barranquilla metropolitan area, Colombia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the rate of parasitism and intestinal parasitism profiles of children who live in relatively proximal communities across the 5 municipalities of the Barranquilla metropolitan area, Colombia.

Methods: In total, 986 fecal samples from children aged 1 to 10 were analyzed using a direct method (physiological saline and lugol) and the zinc sulfate flotation technique. A comparative analysis of the parasitism profiles between sampling locations (7 schools and 3 health centers providing growth and development services) was conducted using principal component analysis (PCA).

Comparative transcriptome profiling of horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas hemocytes in response to lipopolysaccharides.

Horseshoe crabs (HSCs) are living fossil species of marine arthropods with a long evolutionary history spanning approximately 500 million years. Their survival is helped by their innate immune system that comprises cellular and humoral immune components to protect them against invading pathogens. To help understand the genetic mechanisms involved, the present study utilised the Illumina HiSeq platform to perform transcriptomic analysis of hemocytes from the HSC, Tachypleus gigas, that were challenged with lipopolysaccharides (LPS).

Mitochondrial DNA sequence of the horseshoe crab .

This paper reports on the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of a horseshoe crab, (), in Kuala Kemaman, Terengganu, Malaysia. Whole-genome sequencing of hemocyte DNA was performed with Illumina HiSeq system and the generated reads were assembled with ABySS 2.1.

Engineered Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen assembly into core-shell nanobeads for diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Despite recent advances in diagnosis, tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide. Here, we engineered Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proteins (ESAT6, CFP10, and MTB7.7) to self-assemble into core-shell nanobeads for enhanced TB diagnosis.