A Thousand Days-A programme for vulnerable early childhood in Argentina: Targeting, dropout risk factors and correlates of time to graduation.

Background: Mil Días (A Thousand Days) is a programme for the first thousand days of life, from gestation to 2 years of age, targeted at highly vulnerable children and/or mothers and pregnant women. The programme was implemented in August 2015 in the municipality of San Miguel, in Argentina. Mil Días is designed in a holistic and intersectoral way.

Ehrlichia canis TRP36 diversity in naturally infected-dogs from an urban area of Colombia.

Ehrlichia canis is the etiologic agent of a highly prevalent tick-borne disease, canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME). Four defined E. canis genotypes based on the trp36 gene sequences have been reported, three of them identified in North or South America.

Treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures with Achillon device: clinical outcomes and kinetic gait analysis.

Background: We reviewed the outcomes of the Achillon minimally invasive suture system and an early semi-functional rehabilitation program for the treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures.

Methods: From December 2006 to April 2008, 18 consecutive patients with acute Achilles tendon ruptures were retrospectively reviewed with an average follow-up of 22 months. Clinical data were assessed with the patient satisfaction and the AOFAS hindfoot score.

Scarf and Akin osteotomies for moderate and severe hallux valgus: clinical and radiographic results.

Background: The scarf and the combined scarf-Akin procedures are reliable therapeutic tools and can obtain effective correction of symptomatic moderate to severe hallux valgus deformities.

Methods: The data from 30 patients (37 feet) with moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity who had scarf osteotomies have been retrospectively reviewed. 32 Akin and 77 Weil osteotomies were also carried out at the same stage.

Osteochondritis of the hallux sesamoid bones.

Osteochondritis of the sesamoid bones is an infrequent condition which may affect both the medial and lateral hallux sesamoids. Those cases refractory to conservative treatment can be satisfactorily solved by carrying out its surgical excision. We present a literature review about its causes, pathophysiology, the diagnostic methods and the treatments options.

Processing speed, inhibitory control, and working memory: three important factors to account for age-related cognitive decline.

Processing speed, inhibitory control and working memory have been identified as the main possible culprits of age-related cognitive decline. This article describes a study of their interrelationships and dependence on age, including exploration of whether any of them mediates between age and the others. We carried out a LISREL analysis of the performance of 79 participants of low educational level aged 40-91 years in six cognitive tasks.

Role of liver X receptor, insulin and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha on in vivo desaturase modulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.

We examined the in vivo contribution of insulin, T090137 (T09), agonist of liver X receptor (LXR), fenofibrate, agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR-alpha) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) on the unsaturated fatty acid synthesis controlled by Delta6 and Delta5 desaturases, compared with the effects on stearoylcoenzyme A desaturase-1. When possible they were checked at three levels: messenger RNA (mRNA), desaturase protein and enzymatic activity. In control rats, only fenofibrate increased the insulinemia that was maintained by the simultaneous administration of T09, but this increase has no specific effect on desaturase activity.

Effects of fenofibrate and insulin on the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in streptozotocin diabetic rats.

Both insulin and PPAR-alpha up-modulate hepatic Delta9, Delta6 and Delta5 desaturating enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Currently, we have examined for 9 days the independent and simultaneous effects of daily glargine insulin and fenofibrate administration on the insulinemia, glycemia, hepatic acyl-CoA oxidase activity and mRNAs and enzymatic activities of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) and Delta5 desaturase in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Glargine insulin depressed the hyperglycemia of diabetic rats at 4h, but not after 24h of injection.

Desaturase activities in rat model of insulin resistance induced by a sucrose-rich diet.

A sucrose-rich diet, as compared with a similar starch diet, induces a time-dependent typical noninsulin-dependent diabetes syndrome characterized by insulin resistance in rats. Within the first 3 wk, there was glucose intolerance associated with hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and high plasma FFA. In this study, we examined the effect of the sucrose-rich diet vs.

Dietary cholesterol modulates delta6 and delta9 desaturase mRNAs and enzymatic activity in rats fed a low-eFA diet.

The effects of a 1% addition of cholesterol to a diet low in EFA on FA desaturases were examined. The administration of cholesterol markedly increased the esterified cholesterol content in microsomes and total liver lipids from the first day, whereas the proportion of free cholesterol remained unaltered throughout the treatment. An excellent homeostasis in the free cholesterol content was apparently evoked by the acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase.