Different Faces of Minipuberty in Preterm Twin Girls: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Minipuberty (MP) consists of a postnatal activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which occurs physiologically during the first months of life. In preterm infants, MP might lead to stronger hormonal stimulation, but specific literature is still scarce. We present the case of a pair of monochorionic diamniotic twin girls, born at 31 weeks of gestation and adequate for gestational age (AGA).

Minipuberty in born small for gestational age infants: A case control prospective pilot study.

Purpose: To evaluate minipuberty (MP) in small for gestational age (SGA) infants, both preterm and full-term, during the first year of life.

Methods: 33 SGA healthy newborns (group A), 21 of which full-term (subgroup A1) and 12 preterm (A2) were enrolled. Control group (B) consisted of 27 AGA, 17 full-term (subgroup B1) and 10 preterm (B2) infants.

Metabolic Outcomes, Bone Health, and Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Girls with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty Treated with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues.

Background/aims: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) represent the gold standard treatment for central precocious puberty (CPP). We aimed to assess the effects of GnRHa treatment on metabolic outcomes, bone status, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) prevalence in young girls with idiopathic CPP (ICPP).

Methods: We enrolled 94 ICPP girls who were at least 2 years after menarche and had already attained adult height at the time of the study: 56 previously treated with depot triptorelin (3.

Hyperthyroidism in childhood: peculiarities of the different clinical pictures.

Background: clinical and biochemical picture of hyperthyroidism in children may significantly change according to its etiologies.

Objectives: to report the most recent views about epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical and biochemical course, diagnostic procedures and management of hyperthyroid syndrome in childhood, according to its different etiologies.

Design: Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are responsible for 84% and 12%, respectively, of all the cases of hyperthyroidism in childhood.

In children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis the evolution over time of thyroid status may differ according to the different presentation patterns.

Aim: to report the salient literature news concerning the relationships between thyroid function presenting patterns and subsequent biochemical evolution of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in pediatric age.

Design: the most recent reports from pediatric literature concerning biochemical thyroid function patterns at HT presentation and their spontaneous changes over time were analyzed and shortly commented.

Results: from the analysis of pediatric literature on this theme, it emerges that HT in children may present with a very heterogeneous biochemical picture ranging from overt hypothyroidism to overt hyperthyroidism.