Prognostic value of acute delirium recovery in older adults.

Aim: To analyze the prognostic impact of short-term changes in the intensity of delirium in association or not with sepsis. We also aimed to analyze if s100B, a serum protein derived from astrocytes related to cerebral damage, could be a marker of delirium or sepsis.

Methods: We included 47 patients with acute delirium and sepsis, 36 with delirium and no evidence of infection, and 36 patients with sepsis without delirium.

Most HIV type 1 non-B infections in the Spanish cohort of antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients (CoRIS) are due to recombinant viruses.

HIV-1 group M is classified into 9 subtypes, as well as recombinants favored by coinfection and superinfection events with different variants. Although HIV-1 subtype B is predominant in Europe, intersubtype recombinants are increasing in prevalence and complexity. In this study, phylogenetic analyses of pol sequences were performed to detect the HIV-1 circulating and unique recombinant forms (CRFs and URFs, respectively) in a Spanish cohort of antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients included in the Research Network on HIV/AIDS (CoRIS).

Serum leptin levels in community acquired pneumonia (CAP) are related to nutritional status and not to acute phase reaction.

To determine whether leptin in patients with CAP acts as a nutritional or as an inflammatory marker and whether leptin plays any role regarding survival, we included 222 patients diagnosed of CAP, 142 men and 80 women, median age 74 years. We did not find significant differences in serum leptin levels between CAP patients and healthy controls, even after adjusting by BMI. Serum leptin levels were directly related with BMI, body fat and muscle mass and inversely related with inflammatory markers, including pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Low serum leptin levels and malnutrition in chronic alcohol misusers hospitalized by somatic complications.

Aims: Leptin is a peptide produced by fat cells which regulates fat mass by decreasing food intake and increasing resting energy expenditure, so an increase of serum leptin could be an indicator of malnutrition. Our objective was to determine serum leptin levels (at admission and on the 15th day) in 79 male alcohol misusers, hospitalized by somatic complications, who drink more than 80 g ethanol/day, and to analyse its relationships with nutritional status assessed by anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absortiometry (DEXA), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and its binding protein (IGF1BP-3); acute phase reaction assessed by C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and type II soluble receptor of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) (sTNFRII); serum oestradiol and testosterone; and the amount and duration of ethanol intake, the smoking habit and the presence of liver cirrhosis.

Methods: Patients were admitted through the emergency room, and blood for the above-mentioned determinations was taken at 08.

Leptin role in advanced lung cancer. A mediator of the acute phase response or a marker of the status of nutrition?

Leptin is an anorexia inductor peptide produced by adipocytes and related to fat mass. Leptin is also produced by fat under proinflammatory cytokine action. Our objective is to study serum leptin levels in relation to nutritional status and acute phase response in advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer.