Central Retinal Artery Occlusion with Concomitant Intracranial Hemorrhage Secondary to Endocarditis.

Purpose: To report a case of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) associated with subacute endocarditis secondary to a dental infection. . A 27-year-old male presented with acute monocular vision loss in the setting of a stroke and seizure.

Economic Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Systems Versus Manual Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy in the United States.

Background: The objective of this economic modeling study was to compare the cost effectiveness of fully automated retinal image screening (FARIS) to the current practice of universal ophthalmologist referral for diabetic retinopathy in the United States (US) health care system.

Methods: A Markov decision-analytic model was used to compare the automated versus manual screening and management pathway for diabetic patients with unknown retinopathy status. Costs (in 2021 US dollars), quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gains, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated.

Association Between Parental Leave and Ophthalmology Resident Physician Performance.

Importance: Although parental leave is essential in enhancing resident wellness and fostering inclusive workplace environments, residents may often feel discouraged from using parental leave owing to perceived stigma and concerns about possible negative effects on their training.

Objective: To examine parental leave usage across multiple institutions and compare residency performance metrics between residents who took parental leave vs their peers who did not take leave.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis conducted from April 1, 2020, to July 28, 2022, of educational records.

Spontaneous regression and quiescence of choroidal neovascularization secondary to traumatic choroidal rupture depicted on OCT angiography.

Introduction: Choroidal rupture is a tear/break within the Bruch's membrane, retinal pigment epithelium and choroid following blunt trauma. Choroidal neovascularization is a well-known complication of traumatic choroidal rupture that is typically treated with intravitreal injections of Bevacizumab. This case describes an early detection of choroidal neovascular complex secondary to traumatic choroidal rupture and its spontaneous regression and quiescence without treatment followed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography.

Gender Differences in Case Volume Among Ophthalmology Residents.

Importance: Although almost equal numbers of male and female medical students enter into ophthalmology residency programs, whether they have similar surgical experiences during training is unclear.

Objective: To determine differences for cataract surgery and total procedural volume between male and female residents during ophthalmology residency.

Design, Setting, Participants: This retrospective, longitudinal analysis of resident case logs from 24 US ophthalmology residency programs spanned July 2005 to June 2017.

Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) Receptor Antagonism Modulates Inflammatory Signaling in Experimental Uveitis.

Background: The phospholipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF) activates an inflammatory response that includes arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin production in the eye, increasing vascular permeability and inflammation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the action of LAU-0901, a novel PAF receptor antagonist, on experimental uveitis.

Methods: Uveitis was induced in Lewis rats by lipopolysaccharide treatment.

Retinal arterial and venous oxygen saturation is altered in diabetic patients.

Purpose: To determine the retinal oxygen saturation trend with onset of diabetes and increasing severity of diabetic retinopathy by comparing diabetic groups with and without retinopathy to controls.

Methods: A fundus camera-based dual-wavelength snapshot oximeter imaged retinas of healthy subjects and patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. The images were analyzed to determine oxygen saturation in major retinal arteries and veins, which is inversely proportional to optical density ratio.

Dynamic indocyanine green angiography-guided focal thermal laser treatment of fibrotic choroidal neovascularization.

Purpose: Fibrotic choroidal neovascular membranes (CNV) are the end-stage outcomes of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). No treatment is currently available for fibrotic CNV. We investigated the role of focal thermal laser ablation of the perfusing afferent arteriole as determined by dynamic indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).

PEDF Promotes Biosynthesis of a Novel Anti-inflammatory and Anti-apoptotic Mediator NPD1 in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.

Purpose: Neuroprotectin D1 is a stereospecific cytoprotective messenger synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid in retinal pigment epithelial cells challenged by oxidative stress. A key step in neuroprotectin D1 synthesis is to define how growth factors may modulate its formation and its bioavailability. Here we have explored the action of pigment epithelium derived factor, a neurotrophin made in retinal pigment epithelial cells, on neuroprotectin D1.

Conformational polymorphism in bicalutamide.

Two crystalline forms (forms I and II) and an amorphous phase of bicalutamide were fully characterized through combined results of differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder and single crystal diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Each polymorph crystallizes with one molecule in the asymmetric unit and the molecular conformations are quite different between them. The main difference is provided by C12-C11-S8-C5 torsion angle, which assumes a value of -88.

Quantitative enumeration of vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells derived from bone marrow precursors in experimental choroidal neovascularization.

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is characterized by the subretinal invasion of a pathologic new vessel complex from the choriocapillaris. Although CNV is traditionally considered to consist of endothelial cells, the cellular population of CNV is likely more complex in nature, comprising several different cell types. In addition, recent studies suggest that the CNV cell population has a dual origin (circulating versus resident populations).