Experimental Inoculation of and and Its Impact on Alveolar Bone Loss and Oral and Gut Microbiomes.

Oral bacteria are implicated not only in oral diseases but also in gut dysbiosis and inflammatory conditions throughout the body. The periodontal pathogen () often occurs in complex oral biofilms with (), and this interaction might influence the pathogenic potential of this pathogen. This study aims to assess the impact of oral inoculation with , , and their association (+) on alveolar bone loss, oral microbiome, and their potential effects on intestinal health in a murine model.

Lactobacilli postbiotics reduce biofilm formation and alter transcription of virulence genes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.

Periodontitis is characterized by a dysbiotic microbial community and treatment strategies include the reestablishment of symbiosis by reducing pathogens abundance. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is frequently associated with rapidly progressing periodontitis. Since the oral ecosystem may be affected by metabolic end-products of bacteria, we evaluated the effect of soluble compounds released by probiotic lactobacilli, known as postbiotics, on Aa biofilm and expression of virulence-associated genes.

Effect of thermal and acid challenges on the surface properties of pink restorative materials.

Purpose: To compare the effect of thermal cycling and erosive challenge on color change, surface roughness, surface loss and biofilm deposition of three resin-based composites.

Methods: Three resin-based composites that reproduce the color of gingival tissues [two nanohybrid composites (A and B) and a giomer (C) ] were tested before and after distinct challenges [ thermal cycling (TC) and erosive challenge (EC) ] in regard to its color stability, surface roughness, surface loss and biofilm deposition. Surface roughness and surface loss specimens (n=10) were measured with an optical profilometer and, color stability (n=10) was measured with a spectrophotometer.

Optical coherence tomography and polarized light microscopy for the evaluation of artificial caries: a preliminary study.

This study was designed to investigate whether there is a correlation between the findings of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) when these techniques are used to evaluate standard enamel white-spot lesions developed by distinct cariogenic challenges. Bovine enamel fragments (N = 168) were randomly allocated into 6 experimental groups according to the microbiologic model (Streptococcus mutans UA159, Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 33478, or mixed S mutans and S sobrinus) and carbohydrate sources (1% sucrose or combined 1% sucrose and 1% starch). Specimens were examined by OCT and PLM every day within a period of 7 days.

Probiotics alter the immune response of gingival epithelial cells challenged by Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Background And Objective: Although previous studies revealed the potential use of probiotics in the control of periodontitis, little is known about their interactions with gingival epithelial cells (GECs). Since GECs comprise the first defense in the subgingival microenvironment, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains on OBA-9 cells challenged with Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Methods: Immortalized human GECs (OBA-9) were challenged with live P.

Intraspecies Variability Affects Heterotypic Biofilms of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia: Evidences of Strain-Dependence Biofilm Modulation by Physical Contact and by Released Soluble Factors.

It is well known that strain and virulence diversity exist within the population structure of Porphyromonas gingivalis. In the present study we investigate intra- and inter-species variability in biofilm formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and partners Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. All strains tested showed similar hydrophobicity, except for P.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: a promise candidate for caries lesions treatment.

Background: Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising adjunctive therapy to the treatment of caries lesions, mainly in the minimally invasive approach to preserve dental tissue and favor its repair. Here we analyzed both the efficacy of aPDT in reducing the bacterial load in cariogenic biofilms and the indirect effect of noxious components produced by aPDT on the viability of dental pulp cells.

Methods: The aPDT protocol was established using 0.

Lineage variability in surface components expression within Porphyromonas gingivalis.

The periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is represented by a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from commensals to pathogenic lineages. Capsule and fimbriae are considered key virulence factors in this specie, involved in colonization and host defenses evasion. Since these virulence traits may not be expressed by certain strains, we aimed to test the hypothesis that certain clusters or genotypes of P.

Differential transcription of virulence genes in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes.

Background: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes are clearly associated with periodontitis or health, which suggests distinct strategies for survival within the host.

Objective: We investigated the transcription profile of virulence-associated genes in A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b (JP2 and SUNY 465) strains associated with disease and serotype a (ATCC 29523) strain associated with health.

Quantitative detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in human oral epithelial cells from subjects with periodontitis and periodontal health.

Epithelial cells in oral cavities can be considered reservoirs for a variety of bacterial species. A polymicrobial intracellular flora associated with periodontal disease has been demonstrated in buccal cells. Important aetiological agents of systemic and nosocomial infections have been detected in the microbiota of subgingival biofilm, especially in individuals with periodontal disease.

Evaluation of caries-affected dentin with optical coherence tomography.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of demineralization of artificially induced caries-affected human dentin by an in vitro microbiological method. The occlusal surfaces of 6 human molar teeth were abraded until a flat surface was obtained, and the enamel was removed to expose the occlusal dentin surface. These teeth were sectioned in 12 halves in the vestibular-lingual direction and divided into 3 groups according to the period length of the microbiological essay (n = 4): G1, 7 days; G2, 14 days; and G3, 21 days.

Clinical use of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy for the treatment of deep carious lesions.

The purpose of this study was to assess photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) via irradiation, using a low power laser associated with a photosensitization dye, as an alternative to remove cariogenic microorganisms by drilling. Remaining dentinal samples in deep carious lesions on permanent molars (n = 26) were treated with 0.01% methylene blue dye and irradiated with a low power laser (InGaAIP - indium gallium aluminum phosphide; λ = 660 nm; 100 mW; 320 Jcm(-2); 90 s; 9J).

Evaluation of three different adhesive systems using a bacterial method to develop secondary caries in vitro.

Purpose: To assess the effects of three different dental adhesive systems on the formation of secondary root caries, in vitro, with a standardized interfacial gap in a filled cavity model.

Methods: 40 sound human molars were selected and randomly assigned to four experimental groups: Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB), Xeno III (X-III), Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus (SBMP) and negative control (NC) without an adhesive system. After the standardized Class V cavity preparations on the buccal and lingual surfaces, restorations were placed with resin composite (Filtek Z250) using a standardized interfacial gap, using a 3 x 2 mm piece of 50 microm metal matrix.

Quantification of Porphyromonas gingivalis and fimA genotypes in smoker chronic periodontitis.

Aim: Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes were associated with virulence factors in vitro, but little evidence of an association with disease severity were shown in humans. We aimed to correlate levels of P. gingivalis fimA genotypes II and IV and probing depth in smoker-chronic periodontitis subjects.

High-power diode laser in the disinfection in depth of the root canal dentin.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the disinfection degree of dentine caused by the use of diode laser after biomechanical procedures.

Study Design: Thirty teeth were sectioned and roots were autoclaved and incubated for 4 weeks with a suspension of Enterococcus faecalis. The specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10): G1, instrumented with rotary files, irrigated with 0.

Streptococcus mutans-induced secondary caries adjacent to glass ionomer cement, composite resin and amalgam restorations in vitro.

The aim of this study was to define, in vitro, the potential to inhibit secondary caries of restorative materials currently used in dental practice. Standard cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of fifty extracted human third molars. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups, each one restored with one of the following materials: glass ionomer cement (GIC); amalgam; light-cured composite resin; ion-releasing composite; and light-cured, fluoride-containing composite resin.

Ultrastructural and microbiological analysis of the dentin layers affected by caries lesions in primary molars treated by minimal intervention.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vivo study of primary teeth was to analyze the ultrastructure and microbiology of dentin layers affected by caries lesions before and after restorations with resin-modified glass ionomer.

Methods: Samples of carious dentin from primary teeth removed prior to restoration placement (baseline-0 day) were compared with samples taken after 30 and 60 days. Dentin from 8 primary molars was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dentin from 22 primary molars was examined microbiologically to compare bacteria (total of viable counts, Streptococcus spp, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp, and Actinomyces spp) before and after treatment (30 and 60 days).

Antibacterial activity of glass-ionomer cement containing antibiotics on caries lesion microorganisms.

Purpose: To assess the total viable bacteria in infected dentin after sealing with glass-ionomer cement containing 1% metronidazole, 1% ciprofloxacin and 1% cefaclor.

Methods: 40 children were selected, with ages ranging from 4-10 years, with primary teeth with active carious lesions without any pulpal involvement. The patients were divided randomly into two groups in accordance to the glass-ionomer cement used to seal the carious lesions: Group 1 (control, n=20), sealing with conventional glass-ionomer cement; and Group 2 (test, n=20) sealing with glassionomer cement including antibiotics.

Sports dentistry: buccal and salivary profile of a female soccer team.

Sports dentistry has been considered a prominent area of dentistry because dental health can limit the abilities of athletes, both professional and nonprofessional, in their training and competition. Dental decay is associated with the frequent use of carbohydrates, recommended as an energy source for exercise. Strong indications exist regarding the possibility to use saliva as a performance determinant and for evaluation and prescription of physical activity.

Oral conditions in children with cerebral palsy.

Purpose: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a major severe childhood disability and its prevalence is increasing, particularly among premature low-weight newborns. The oral conditions observed demonstrate the need for home and professional care for these individuals. This study aimed to investigate dental caries, plaque index, time of eruption, malocclusion, bruxism and motor oral skills in a group of 62 CP children (study group).

Zinc sulfate addition to glass-ionomer-based cements: influence on physical and antibacterial properties, zinc and fluoride release.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ZnSO(4) addition to a conventional glass ionomer and a resin-modified glass ionomer on solubility, flexural strength, zinc and fluoride (F) release, and Streptococcus mutans growth inhibition.

Methods: 5 or 10% ZnSO(4) was added to Vitremer and Ketac-Fil powders. Solubility test was performed based on ISO 7489.

Risk factors for dental caries in children with cerebral palsy.

This study was conducted to examine the oral condition and the salivary and microbiological parameters associated with dental caries in 62 children with cerebral palsy, who came from households of low socioeconomic status (Study Group). This group had mixed (6 to 11 years old) and permanent (11 to 16 years old) dentition. Dental examinations were performed to measure dental caries, plaque index, salivary levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, salivary flow rate, pH of stimulated saliva, and buffer capacity of saliva.