Histologic and Endoscopic Findings Are Highly Correlated in a Prospective Cohort of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Background And Aims: The advantages of endoscopic vs histologic assessments of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease remain unclear. We compared endoscopic and histologic inflammation in a prospective cohort. Furthermore, in patients with discordant findings, we compared the ability of endoscopy vs histology to predict disease course.

Food-Related Quality of Life Is Impaired in Latinx and Non-Latinx Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background And Aims: Anxiety over food choices and symptoms related to food consumption diminish quality of life (QoL) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. However, the specific factors that impact QoL among IBD patients remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the relationships of demographic and disease factors with food-related QoL (FRQoL) in a large, diverse US cohort of IBD patients.

Ancestral Diversity in Pharmacogenomics Affects Treatment for Hispanic/Latine Populations With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background And Aims: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease among Hispanic/Latine communities is increasing. Pharmacogenomic studies reveal genetic markers that influence treatment decisions. The aim of our study was to examine the frequency and impact of genetic polymorphisms on thiopurine-associated leukopenia (NUDT15, TPMT) and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) immunogenicity (HLA-DQA1∗05) in a cohort of Hispanic patients of diverse ancestral backgrounds.

Intolerance of uncertainty does not significantly predict decisions about delayed, probabilistic rewards: A failure to replicate Luhmann, C. C., Ishida, K., & Hajcak, G. (2011).

Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is thought to lead to maladaptive behaviours and dysfunctional decision making, both in the clinical and healthy population. The seminal study reported by Luhmann and collaborators in 2011 showed that IU was negatively associated with choosing a delayed, but more certain and valuable, reward over choosing an immediate, but less certain and valuable, reward. These findings have been widely disseminated across the field of personality and individual differences because of their relevance to understand the role of IU in maladaptive behaviours in anxiety-related disorders.

Germline mutations of breast cancer susceptibility genes through expanded genetic analysis in unselected Colombian patients.

Background: In Colombia and worldwide, breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed neoplasia and the leading cause of death from cancer among women. Studies predominantly involve hereditary and familial cases, demonstrating a gap in the literature regarding the identification of germline mutations in unselected patients from Latin-America. Identification of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants is important for shaping national genetic analysis policies, genetic counseling, and early detection strategies.

Stromal-Like Cells Are Found in Peripheral Blood of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Correlate With Immune Activation State.

Introduction: Recent studies have identified a critical role of stromal-immune cell interactions in immunity and immune tolerance. Transcriptomic profiling has implicated stromal cells in immune-mediated disorders including the 2 common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). Stromal-immune interactions may edify inflammatory state and the development of IBD-related complications such as fibrosis, yet the lack of protein markers has hampered studying stromal-immune perturbation.

Early Life and Childhood Environmental Exposures, More Than Genetic Predisposition, Influence Age of Diagnosis in a Diverse Cohort of 2952 Patients With IBD.

Background And Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of established environmental risk factors and genetic risk on age of IBD diagnosis in a diverse cohort.

Methods: IBD patients in clinic completed detailed questionnaires.

Disruptions in cell fate decisions and transformed enteroendocrine cells drive intestinal tumorigenesis in Drosophila.

Most epithelial tissues are maintained by stem cells that produce the different cell lineages required for proper tissue function. Constant communication between different cell types ensures precise regulation of stem cell behavior and cell fate decisions. These cell-cell interactions are often disrupted during tumorigenesis, but mechanisms by which they are co-opted to support tumor growth in different genetic contexts are poorly understood.

A polycistronic transgene design for combinatorial genetic perturbations from a single transcript in Drosophila.

Experimental models that capture the genetic complexity of human disease and allow mechanistic explorations of the underlying cell, tissue, and organ interactions are crucial to furthering our understanding of disease biology. Such models require combinatorial manipulations of multiple genes, often in more than one tissue at once. The ability to perform complex genetic manipulations in vivo is a key strength of Drosophila, where many tools for sophisticated and orthogonal genetic perturbations exist.

Evaluating the effects of counterconditioning, novelty-facilitated, and standard extinction on the spontaneous recovery of threat expectancy and conditioned stimulus valence.

Extinction training has proved effective to diminish the expectancy of the aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). However, the negative valence of the conditioned stimulus (CS) may still stay intact. In fact, several studies have suggested that the CS negative valence may be a factor that promotes the return of fear.

Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules in Serum: A Potential Tool for Crohn's Disease Management.

Crohn's disease (CD) is an idiopathic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract with the primary method of diagnosis and follow-up being colonoscopy. A disturbed host-microbiome interaction, including the presence of pathobionts, is implicated in initiation and perpetuation of inflammation. As such, we hypothesized that bacterial quorum-sensing (QS) molecules (QSMs), small molecules bacteria generate to regulate gene expression, would be elevated in patients with CD.

Lamina Propria Phagocyte Profiling Reveals Targetable Signaling Pathways in Refractory Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background And Aims: Lamina propria phagocytes are key mediators of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to understand the transcriptomic and functional differences in these cells based on location, disease type, inflammation state, and medication use in patients with IBD.

Methods: Phagocytic immune cells in the lamina propria, as defined by the marker CD11b, were isolated from 54 unique patients (n = 111 gut mucosal biopsies).

Transcriptional Behavior of Regulatory T Cells Predicts IBD Patient Responses to Vedolizumab Therapy.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves chronic T cell-mediated inflammatory responses. Vedolizumab (VDZ), a monoclonal antibody against α4β7 integrin, inhibits lymphocyte extravasation into intestinal mucosae and is effective in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).

Aim: We sought to identify immune cell phenotypic and gene expression signatures that related to response to VDZ.

The role of relief, perceived control, and prospective intolerance of uncertainty in excessive avoidance in uncertain-threat environments.

Excessive avoidance is a key feature of pathological anxiety. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the development of excessive avoidance are still unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that excessive avoidance, especially in individuals with high Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is aimed at distress reduction via the enhancement of subjective perceived control in uncertain-threat environments.

Social barriers influence inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) outcomes and disproportionally affect Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks with IBD.

Background: The impact of social determinants of health in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains understudied. We evaluated the impact of social barriers on IBD outcomes within a diverse cohort of patients.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on adult IBD patients and assessed known social determinants of health.

Intolerance of uncertainty and decisions about delayed, probabilistic rewards: A replication and extension of Luhmann, C. C., Ishida, K., & Hajcak, G. (2011).

Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is thought to lead to maladaptive behaviours and dysfunctional decision making, both in the clinical and healthy population. The seminal study reported by Luhmann and collaborators in 2011 [1] showed that IU was negatively associated with choosing a delayed, but more probable and valuable, reward over choosing an immediate, but less probable and valuable, reward. These findings have been widely disseminated across the field of personality and individual differences because of their relevance for the understanding of the role of IU in the development and maintenance of anxiety-related disorders.

Limitations of occasional reinforced extinction to alleviate spontaneous recovery and reinstatement effects: Evidence for a trial-signalling mechanism.

Fear extinction is not permanent but is instead more vulnerable than the original fear memory, as traditionally shown by the return of fear phenomena. Because of this, techniques to mitigate the return of fear are needed in the clinical treatment of related psychological conditions. One promising strategy is the occasional reinforced extinction treatment, introducing a gradual and sparse number of conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) pairings within the extinction treatment.

Real-World Experience With Proactive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring During Infliximab Reintroduction.

Background: Interruptions in infliximab therapy are associated with the development of antibodies to infliximab (ATI), infusion reactions (IRs), and loss of response. Despite these challenges, recent observational studies suggest that reinitiating infliximab after a drug holiday can be safe and effective. We assessed the utility of our protocol for restarting infliximab using early serum infliximab and ATI measurements.

[Surgical treatment in acromegaly: experience in Córdoba].

Introduction: Acromegaly prevalence is 35-70 / million. Transsphenoidal surgery is the first-line treatment, with a remission rate of 80% for microadenomas and 50% for macroadenomas. Our aim was to evaluate the surgical results in Córdoba and determine predictive remission factors due to the lack of records.

The associative underpinnings of negative urgency and its role in problematic gambling behavior.

Background: Negative urgency -the tendency to lose control under the influence of strong negative emotions- has been proposed to be a sign of malfunctioning emotion regulation mechanisms, and to contribute to severity and complications of gambling disorder and other externalizing behaviors.

Aims And Method: This study is aimed at (1) testing whether negative urgency is linked to resistance to extinction in an emotional associative learning task in a sample of 70 participants, 65 of whom were active gamblers (with emotional pictures as unconditioned stimuli, and color patches as conditioned stimuli [CS]); and (b) exploring the link between these two variables (negative urgency and resistance to emotional extinction) and clinical manifestations of gambling (severity and craving). Mixed-effects generalized models were used to analyze trial-by-trial predictive responses during acquisition and extinction for erotic, disgusting, and gambling-related pictures.