Sex Estimation Through Orbital Measurements: A Machine Learning Approach for Forensic Science.

Background: Sex estimation has been extensively investigated due to its importance for forensic science. Several anatomical structures of the human body have been used for this process. The human skull has important landmarks that can serve as reliable sex estimation predictors.

The elusive bipartite scaphoid: a rare congenital variant or misdiagnosed pseudoarthrosis? A proposal for novel radiological criteria.

Variations in the development of carpal bones are uncommon, with the scaphoid bone typically forming from the fusion of the os centrale carpi and the radial chondrification center during embryogenesis. A bipartite scaphoid is a rare congenital disorder that occurs when these ossification centers fail to fuse, with a prevalence ranging from 0.1% to 0.

The posterior petroclinoid fold and petroclival ligament ossification patterns.

Background: The skull base ligaments have been extensively studied in the literature due to their clinical and surgical significance. The posterior petroclinoid fold (PPCNF) and petroclival ligament (PCVL) are two adjacent structures that have barely been studied and are frequently confused. The present study uses an innovative classification system to investigate the PPCNF and PCVL ossification patterns.

A bipartite medial cuneiform bone: a rare variant with symptomatic presentation and the classic "E-sign".

Background: Bipartite medial cuneiform bone (BMC) is located at the Lisfranc joint of the midfoot, and it represents a rare variant involving two separate ossification centers in the medial cuneiform bone. Although BMC is typically asymptomatic, it can become clinically relevant under conditions of trauma or chronic stress, affecting foot stability.

Case Report: The current imaging report describes a 48-year-old female presenting with chronic dorsal midfoot pain, worsened by extended standing and ambulation.

"Complete" duplication of the posterior cerebral artery: a rare variant detected on computed tomography angiography.

The cerebral arterial circle morphologic variability has been extensively studied. The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) variants are rarely identified, except from the first segment (P1) hypoplasia or absence. Due to its unique morphology, the computed tomography angiography (CTA) of a 34-year-old female patient was further investigated.

Coracobrachialis muscle variants in human fetuses.

Purpose: The current cadaveric study on human fetuses demonstrates the coracobrachialis muscle variability. It further analyzes the embryological and phylogenetic background as well as the coracobrachialis muscle variability in adults.

Materials: Classical (gross anatomy) dissection was performed on 140 (34 male and 36 female) upper limbs of human fetuses, 10 % formalin-fixed.

Accessory Posterior Cerebral Artery-The Hyperplastic Anterior Choroidal Artery Variant.

Variants of the cerebral arterial circle, both common and rare, are frequently documented. The authors present a distinct case involving a 54-year-old male patient who underwent a computed tomography angiogram (CTA), which was analyzed using planar slices and 3-dimensional reconstruction. In this case, the left posterior cerebral artery (PCA) received the posterior communicating artery (PComA) 7 mm distal to its origin from the basilar artery (BA).

The bilateral persistent sciatic vein: a rare and clinically meaningful lower limb variant.

Background: The lower limb venous system, a subject of extensive study due to its high clinical significance on deep vein thrombosis, presents a rare, intriguing, symmetrical variant in this dissection report.

Case Report: We present the uncommon and clinically meaningful bilateral persistent sciatic vein (PSV) variant. The developmental variant was symmetrically detected during a dissection of an 81-year-old female donated cadaver.

The microsurgical anatomy of the paracentral lobule artery: a cadaveric series.

Purpose: The paracentral lobule artery (PLA) is a typically present branch of the distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA), irrigating the homonymous lobule. The PLA origin is either a pericallosal portion of the ACA or a prominent branch of the ACA termed callosomarginal (CMA). In addition to the paracentral lobule, the PLA irrigates the cingulate gyrus in the medial hemispheric surface, and the superior portion of the precentral and postcentral gyri in the lateral hemispheric surface.

Retrostyloid and retromandibular courses of the external carotid artery.

Background: The external carotid artery (ECA) branching pattern has been extensively studied in the current literature. However, its topographical variability has been barely reported. The aim of the current study was to assess the ECA in relationship with the styloid process (SP) and the mandible.

The accessory renal arteries: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

The accessory renal arteries (ARAs) are a well-described variant of the renal vasculature with clinical implications for radiologists, surgeons, and clinicians. The aim of the present systematic review with meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of ARAs, including their variant number, origin, and termination, and to highlight symmetrical and asymmetrical morphological patterns. The systematic review used four online databases in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and Evidence-based Anatomy Workgroup guidelines.

A Rare Arterial Congenital Variant: The Internal Carotid Artery Agenesis.

The cerebral arterial circle has been extensively investigated in recent literature. A scarce congenital arterial variant is considered the internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis. The computed tomography angiogram of a 65-year-old female patient is reported.

The extensor digitorum brevis manus variability and clinical significance: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Purpose: The current meta-analysis aimed to investigate the extensor digitorum brevis manus (EDBM) muscle variability by calculating the pooled prevalence of all published variants. After considering the pooled prevalence, these variants were classified based on their insertion and relationship with the extensor indicis (EI) muscle and/or tendon. The origin of the variants, neural and arterial supply, and the terminology of the EDBM variants were further investigated.

The Coexistence of Accessory Anterior Cerebral and Anterior Communicating Arteries.

Variations in the cerebral artery circle are more prevalent than one might expect. This imaging report outlines the variability observed in the anterior circulation of a 47-year-old female patient, analyzed using a computed tomography angiogram. The first segments (A1) of the anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs) on the left and right side emanate from the internal carotid artery.

Internal Jugular Vein Fenestration and Duplication.

The internal jugular vein (IJV) is considered one of the prominent veins of the neck. It corresponds to the continuation of the sigmoid sinus and joins the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein. A retrospective study of 200 computed tomography angiographies was performed at the Larissa University Hospital Radiology Department, where the IJV variant morphology was investigated.

A bilateral fetal origin of the posterior cerebral artery coexisting with an absent A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery.

Background: The cerebral arterial circle variants are well-described due to their clinical significance for neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists.

Materials And Methods: This magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) report describes the unusual coexistence of three cerebral variants incidentally identifiedin a 44-year-old female patient.

Results: The right-sided first segment (A1) of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) was absent, and both the posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs) originated from the internal carotid arteries (ICAs).

Fungal Shoulder Periprosthetic Infections: A Systematic Review.

: Data regarding fungal PJIs of the shoulder are scarce. The present systematic review aims to identify and evaluate all published shoulder fungal PJIs in an effort to better understand the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to these infections. : A systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines was conducted, locating all shoulder fungal PJIs.

Quadrifurcation of the Facial Artery Near the Inferior Mandibular Border with a Bilateral Premasseteric Artery Component.

During the dissection of the cervicofacial area in a donated male cadaver, an asymmetrical division of the facial artery (FA) and a premasseteric artery (PA) were identified. Specifically, on the left side, the FA stem is divided into four branches (quadrifurcation) 4.26 mm below the lower border of the mandible.

Surgical anatomy of the cystic artery: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: The current evidence-based systematic review with meta-analysis presents a detailed overview of the cystic artery (CA) surgical anatomy, including its origin, number, topography, and morphometry. Moreover, the surgical implications of these variants are further discussed.

Methods: According to the Evidence-Based Anatomy Workgroup and PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the systematic review was performed using four online databases.

Τhe styloid process length and the stylohyoid chain ossification affect its relationship with the carotid arteries.

Purpose: The elongated styloid process (SP) is associated with internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection, due to its close relationship with the vessel. However, the relationship with the variable ossified stylohyoid chain (SHC) has been scarcely studied. The current study investigated the relationship between the temporal bone's SP and the external and internal carotid arteries (ECA and ICA).

The lingual and facial arteries' common origin: a systematic review with meta-analysis and a computed tomography angiography study.

Purpose: The present evidence-based systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to investigate the fusion morphology of the lingual artery and facial artery (in the form of the linguofacial trunk-LFT) pooled prevalence and morphometry. After carefully investigating the data literature, a retrospective computed tomography angiography (CTA) study was performed to investigate a few parameters that were not well-studied.

Materials: An evidence-based systematic review retrieved 41 studies that met our inclusion criteria to identify the LFT pooled prevalence.

Extratemporal Facial Nerve Interconnections and Trunk's Variability: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Background: The present systematic review with meta-analysis is a significant contribution to the understanding of the morphological variability of the facial nerve (FN) extratemporal segment, i.e., the facial trunk (FT) variability, its division, and terminal branching patterns.

A three-headed plantaris muscle with a bipartite insertion of its two accessory heads.

The plantaris muscle consists of a small muscular and a long tendinous part and is located at the superficial compartment of the posterior leg. The purpose of the current cadaveric report is to describe a rare variant of the plantaris muscle. During a routine dissection, a three-headed plantaris with two accessory heads was identified with a variant insertion of the two accessory heads.