Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis (THE): A Short Overview.

Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis (THE) is an acute disease caused by a that affects 4 week-aged and older turkeys, characterized by acute depression, bloody droppings, and a high mortality rate. The immunosuppressive attributes of THE can protract disease progression and create a predisposition in birds towards subsequent bacterial infectiodoralns involving and (necrotic enteritis). Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus (THEV) predominantly affects turkeys and carries substantial economic implications for this industry.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Commensal Isolated from Wild Birds in Umbria (Central Italy).

The role of wildlife, including birds, in antimicrobial resistance is nowadays a speculative topic for the scientific community as they could be spreaders/sources of antimicrobial resistance genes. In this respect, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of 100 commensal strains, isolated from wild birds from an Umbrian rescue centre and admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Perugia (Central Italy) mainly for traumatic injuries. The possible presence of spp.

Effect of rearing systems on immune status, stress parameters, intestinal morphology, and mortality in conventional and local chicken breeds.

The majority of poultry meat used to be sourced from intensively housed birds. However, consumer preference has since demanded poultry producers develop more sustainable farming systems. Although free-range farming is considered beneficial for animal welfare, it is not as easy to standardize as an intensive system, which makes the choice of bird genotype appear crucial for alternative systems.

Evaluation of β-Lactamase Enzyme Activity in Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Isolated from Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Infantis Strains.

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoparticles released by Gram-negative bacteria, which contain different cargo molecules and mediate several biological processes. Recent studies have shown that OMVs are involved in antibiotic-resistance (AR) mechanisms by including β-lactamase enzymes in their lumen. Since no studies have as yet been conducted on subs.

Parasitological Survey in European Brown Hare () Breeding Facilities in Southern Italy.

Parasites are considered important regulating factors of hosts' population dynamics, not only in free-ranging wildlife, but also in captive bred animals. To date, only few studies have been carried out to assess the parasitic communities of the European brown hare in Southern Italy, and only one focused on animals in captivity. The aim of the present survey was to assess the composition of the endoparasite community in game hares bred for restocking purposes.

-Mediated Colistin Resistance and Genomic Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in ESBL-Producing Infantis Strains from a Broiler Meat Production Chain in Italy.

This work aimed to evaluate phenotypically and genotypically the colistin susceptibility of 85 Infantis strains isolated in Italy from the broiler production chain, and to apply a whole-genome approach for the determination of genes conferring antimicrobial resistance (AMR). All isolates were tested by the broth microdilution method to evaluate the colistin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). A multiplex PCR was performed in all isolates for the screening of , , , genes and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of six .

Susceptibility of Commensal Isolated from Conventional, Antibiotic-Free, and Organic Meat Chickens on Farms and at Slaughter toward Antimicrobials with Public Health Relevance.

The spread of resistant bacteria from livestock to the food industry promoted an increase of alternative poultry production systems, such as organic and antibiotic-free ones, based on the lack of antimicrobial use, except in cases in which welfare is compromised. We aimed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of commensal isolated from organic, antibiotic-free, and conventional broiler farms and slaughterhouses toward several antimicrobials critically important for human health. To assess antimicrobial susceptibility, all isolates and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) were analysed by the microdilution method.

Genetic Profiles and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Infantis Strains Isolated in Italy in the Food Chain of Broiler Meat Production.

This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of 87 Infantis strains isolated in Italy from 2016 to 2019 along the food chain of broiler meat production and in humans and to determine the genetic profiles of the strains in order to establish a possible correlation with the antimicrobial pattern. All isolates were tested by the disk diffusion method to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility toward sixteen antimicrobials, and the broth microdilution method was used to confirm extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production. PCR and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were applied to characterize ESBL-encoding and AmpC β-lactamase genes and to analyze the .

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of and ESBL-Producing Diffusion in Conventional, Organic and Antibiotic-Free Meat Chickens at Slaughter.

As a result of public health concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance in animal-based food products, conventional poultry companies have turned to 'raised without antibiotics' (ABF) and organic farming systems. In this work, we evaluated the influence of rearing systems on antimicrobial susceptibility in and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESLB) diffusion in conventional (C), organic (O) and antibiotic free (ABF) chicken samples collected from cloacal swabs and skin samples in slaughterhouse. The isolates from conventional (135), antibiotic-free (131) and organic (140) samples were submitted to the Kirby-Bauer method and ESBL were analyzed by the microdilution test.

Immuno- and glyco-histochemistry as a tool to evaluate the oregano supplemented feed effects in pig gut.

Among oregano properties, its antioxidant and antibacterial effects are particularly interesting. Oregano is also able to induce a higher glycoconjugate production in gut, creating a physical barrier against microorganisms. This study evaluated the effects of adding an aqueous extract of oregano (OAE) to the diet of two homogenous groups of pigs during the finisher phase.

Beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni chicken isolates and the association between bla gene expression and the action of β-lactamase inhibitors.

The objectives of this work were to evaluate β-lactamase-mediated β-lactam resistance in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained from broiler chickens, expression of the bla gene in relation to β-lactamase production, and the possible association between bla gene expression and the action of inhibitors when combined with β-lactams. All strains were tested by disk diffusion and nitrocefin methods to assess antibiotic susceptibility and β-lactamase production, respectively. PCR and qPCR amplification were performed to evaluate qualitative and quantitative bla expression.

Clinical, virological and epidemiological characterization of an outbreak of Testudinid Herpesvirus 3 in a chelonian captive breeding facility: Lessons learned and first evidence of TeHV3 vertical transmission.

Testudinid herpesviruses (TeHVs) have a worldwide distribution among tortoises. However, information such as risk factors promoting the occurrence or the recrudescence of the associated disease and the mid-term sequelae of an outbreak comprising the extent and dynamic of the viral shedding have been only minimally investigated. Critical management information is also lacking or anecdotal.

Investigation of the antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains isolated from canine pyoderma.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance and bio lm formation among a collection of 51 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius collected from canine pyoderma. All isolates were tested for the susceptibility to a panel of 14 antimicrobial agents by the disk di usion method in Müeller-Hinton agar. Oxacillin resistance was detected by subculture on oxacillin screening agar base.

Evaluation of antibiotic usage in swine reproduction farms in Umbria region based on the quantitative analysis of antimicrobial consumption.

Antibiotic use in food-producing animals has considerable impact on public health, especially with respect to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. Pigs represent one of the main species in which antibiotics are frequently used for different purposes. Surveillance of antibiotic consumption and dose appropriateness, through novel approaches based on , is strongly needed to assess farms' antibiotic risk, in terms of spread of antibiotic resistance and possibile presence of residues in meat.

Evidence for a primate origin of zoonotic Helicobacter suis colonizing domesticated pigs.

Helicobacter suis is the second most prevalent Helicobacter species in the stomach of humans suffering from gastric disease. This bacterium mainly inhabits the stomach of domesticated pigs, in which it causes gastric disease, but it appears to be absent in wild boars. Interestingly, it also colonizes the stomach of asymptomatic rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of canine pyoderma isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius for biofilm formation.

Biofilm-forming ability is increasingly being recognized as an important virulence factor in several Staphylococcus species. This study evaluated the biofilm-forming ability of sixty canine derived clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius, using three phenotypic methods, microtiter plate test (MtP), Congo red agar method (CRA) and tube adherence test, and the presence and impact of biofilm-associated genes (icaA and icaD).

Detection of Helicobacter spp. in gastric, fecal and saliva samples from swine affected by gastric ulceration.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Helicobacter (H.) spp. in swine affected by gastric ulceration.

Cloning and expression of pigeon IFN-γ gene.

This is the first paper describing the cloning of pigeon IFN-γ gene (PiIFN-γ) and the analysis of the in vitro expressed recombinant protein. The PiIFN-γ gene was identified by RT-PCR as a 498bp, fragment coding for a precursor protein of 165 amino acids instead of 164 amino acids, as observed in the other avian species. The recombinant protein was expressed in vitro by an eukaryotic system and the biological properties of the cytokine were tested using a chicken macrophage cell line.

Hafnia alvei infection in pullets in Italy.

This paper describes an outbreak of disease caused by Hafnia alvei in pullets. Cloudy swelling and the fatty degeneration of liver associated with splenic lymphocytic depletion were the most preminent lesions. The organism was identified by biochemical tests and by a Hafnia-specific bacteriophage test.